海关旅检自由裁量权问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 23:41

本文选题：旅检执法 + 自由裁量权　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来随着国际形势的变化和我国改革开放进程的不断深化，海关执法也面临着许多新的问题与挑战。主要包括：传统及非传统挑战与威胁不断增多，无限增长的进出境业务给有限的监管资源带来巨大压力，同时行政相对人维权意识不断增强，司法和舆论监督力度不断加大。旅检是海关依法履行监管职能的一个重要模式和工作内容。在海关系统中，旅检部门属于典型的“街头官僚”群体，他们处于基层执行者的位置，要直接接触行政相对人，肩负落实国家意志和维护个人权益的双重考验。他们的自由裁量权力很大，敏感度高，约束力小，因而存在很大的滥用风险。滥用自由裁量权的危害不可小觑。旅检自由裁量权的合理控制无疑是旅检执法改革的重点与难点。本文的目的是通过对旅检自由裁量权问题的研究，破解主要矛盾，从而提出深化旅检执法改革，推进海关现代化进程的建议措施。本文采取规范研究、实证研究和文献研究相结合的方法。首先，从国内外理论界和实务界对行政自由裁量权和海关执法管理的研究进行了归纳分析，发现对上述研究从宏观层面、法律制度规范建构方面的研究较多，而从微观层面，特别是结合旅检现场具体情况的研究很少；在控制自由裁量权的举措上，，也缺乏结合形势发展的需要而制定的有针对性和操作价值的具体措施。基于此，结合相关专家学者们对行政自由裁量权研究的成果，对海关旅检执法、旅检自由裁量权以及其重点问题——“自用、合理数量”原则的概念内涵进行了界定，并且从法律角度和现实角度对旅检自由裁量权的存在基础进行了论证。接下来全面阐述了滥用自由裁量权问题的表现和危害。在理论分析部分，本文重点运用“街头官僚理论”对旅检自由裁量权进行分析，深入剖析了旅检关员的街头官僚本质，并从街头官僚角度阐释了旅检自由裁量权滥用问题的根源所在。同时具体行为方面，分析了滥用旅检自由裁量权的原因，并且以流亭机场海关为实例分析样本，介绍了其控制自由裁量权方面的情况，并进行了总结和评述。最后，结合前几部分的分析成果，对旅检自由裁量权问题提出自己的改进思路，即从海关全局着手，总结一般规律，加强顶层设计，利用科技力量，合理的有效的分解自由裁量权。具体举措上，从强化法规体系建设、构建旅检执法信息化平台、优化旅检现场通道布局和打造“人格化”一线执法队伍四个方面着手，提出了自己的看法，以期为旅检自由裁量权问题的实践探索，提供参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the change of international situation and the deepening of China's reform and opening up process, customs enforcement is faced with many new problems and challenges. Mainly include: traditional and non-traditional challenges and threats continue to increase, unlimited growth in and out of the business to bring great pressure on the limited regulatory resources, at the same time, the administrative counterpart rights awareness continues to strengthen, judicial and public opinion supervision constantly increased. Travel inspection is an important mode and work content for customs to perform supervisory function according to law. In the customs system, the brigade and inspection departments belong to a typical "street bureaucrat" group, they are in the position of the grassroots executors, they should directly contact the administrative counterpart, shoulder the double test of carrying out the national will and safeguarding the personal rights and interests. Their discretion is high, sensitive and binding, so there is a great risk of abuse. The harm of abusing discretion cannot be underestimated. The reasonable control of travel inspection discretion is undoubtedly the key and difficult point in the reform of travel inspection law enforcement. The purpose of this paper is to solve the main contradiction through the study of the discretion of brigade inspection, and then put forward some suggestions for deepening the reform of brigade inspection law enforcement and promoting the modernization of customs. This paper adopts the method of combining normative research, empirical research and literature study. First of all, from the domestic and foreign theoretical and practical circles of administrative discretion and customs law enforcement and management of the research summarized and analyzed, found that the above research from the macro level, legal system norms of the construction of more research, but from the micro level, Especially, there is little research on the specific situation of travel inspection site, and on the measure of controlling discretion, there is also a lack of specific measures of pertinence and operational value formulated in the light of the needs of the development of the situation. Based on this, combined with the research results of administrative discretion of relevant experts and scholars, this paper defines the concept and connotation of customs brigade inspection law enforcement, travel inspection discretion and its key problem, the principle of "self-use, reasonable quantity". And from the point of view of law and reality, the existence basis of the discretion of travel inspection is demonstrated. Then, the paper comprehensively expounds the performance and harm of the abuse of discretion. In the part of theoretical analysis, this paper focuses on the use of "street bureaucracy theory" to analyze the discretion of travel inspection, in-depth analysis of the nature of the street bureaucracy, From the perspective of street bureaucrats, this paper explains the root of the problem of discretionary power abuse. At the same time, the author analyzes the reasons of abusing the discretion of brigade inspection, and takes the customs of Liuting Airport as an example to analyze the sample, introduces the situation of its control discretion, and makes a summary and comment. Finally, based on the analysis results of the previous parts, the author puts forward his own improvement ideas on the discretionary power of travel inspection, that is, starting from the overall situation of customs, summing up the general law, strengthening the top-level design, and utilizing scientific and technological strength. Reasonable and effective decomposition discretion. In specific measures, the author puts forward his own views from the following aspects: strengthening the construction of laws and regulations system, constructing the information platform for brigade inspection law enforcement, optimizing the layout of tourist inspection scene channels and creating a "personified" front-line law enforcement team. In order to provide a reference and reference for the travel inspection discretion issue of practical exploration.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.295;D922.1

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