对疫苗接种受害人的行政法律救济制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 08:01

本文选题：疫苗接种 + 损害　；参考：《西北民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的进步,科学技术水平的提高,人们通过研制疫苗的手段来对传染病进行有效的控制和预防工作。根据世界卫生组织的统计,在疫苗的普及之后,每年因为传染病死亡的人数大幅度下降。但是在进行疫苗接种的时候仍要考虑到疫苗本身就是病原体也有着相当程度的副作用,会给人带来潜在的危险。通过不断的研究分析调查,疫苗虽然能够有效的预防疾病,但是并不是十分的安全,就算疫苗的生产制造的过程中没有质量上的问题,但是根据接种人群的体质不同,也可能产生不适的反应。所以在疫苗大量普及的情况下,难免会遇到对疫苗不能够适应的受种者,会对其生命安全造成威胁。现在国家在对疫苗伤害方面的补偿制度还不完善,虽然有很多疫苗都是国家免费提供,但是国家还要对会带来的危险进行相应的责任的承担。依据国家尊重和保障人权的宪法义务,无论接种的是一类疫苗还是二类疫苗,国家都应当承担相应的赔偿或补偿责任。因此,未来应通过健全和完善相关立法,以求在疫苗伤害救济机制中构建起国家赔偿制度与国家补偿制度相结合的二元国家责任体系。文章主要研究内容包括六个部分。第一部分属于导论部分,其中详细的介绍了本论文的选题的背景,结合国内外的疫苗事件进行讨论分析,针对我国现在在关于疫苗造成危害所将承担的法律后果和赔偿制度进行了论述,同时对比境外的赔偿制度,介绍课题的研究意义,从总体上把握论文的讨论方向。第二部分对一些论文中所涉及的相关概念进行详细的定义,介绍了疫苗接种的发展历史,以及异常反应的定义,哪些是属于异常反应范畴之外的内容。另外对疫苗接种所造成危害将要进行法律责任承担的主体进行了分类定义,明确其法律地位,确定所产生的纠纷的法律性质等。第三部分通过选取近几年的三起疫苗接种致人损害的事故,论述了造成的影响,并反思了目前我国对疫苗接种异常反应受害者救济制度的现状。第四部分通过对我国的现存的不完善的疫苗接种受害赔偿制度进行了分析讨论,提出了一些修改的意见。第五部分结合了境外对境外应对疫苗接种中所造成的人员伤害赔偿制度和方案进行了详细的分析和讨论,选择了法律体系比较完善的几个国家和地区进行了救助法律的研究,为完善我国救助体制提供了一个可以参考的标准和模板,为我国法律的完善提供一个具体的方向。第六部分论述了完善疫苗接种受害人行政救济制度的必要性,并针对国家赔偿和补偿的不足之处,提出改进建议。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the improvement of science and technology, people can effectively control and prevent infectious diseases by developing vaccines. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of deaths from infectious diseases has dropped sharply every year following the spread of vaccines. However, it is important to take into account that the vaccine itself is a pathogen with considerable side effects and potentially dangerous. Through continuous research and analysis, although the vaccine can effectively prevent diseases, it is not very safe. Even if there is no quality problem in the production and manufacture of the vaccine, it varies according to the physique of the vaccinated population. It can also produce an uncomfortable response. Therefore, in the case of widespread vaccine, it is inevitable to meet the vaccine can not adapt to the recipient, will pose a threat to their lives. At present, the national compensation system for vaccine injury is not perfect. Although many vaccines are provided free of charge by the state, the country also has to bear the corresponding responsibility for the danger it will bring. In accordance with the constitutional obligation of the State to respect and protect human rights, the State shall bear the corresponding liability for compensation or compensation, regardless of whether it is a first class vaccine or a second class vaccine. Therefore, in the future, we should perfect and perfect the relevant legislation in order to set up a dual system of state responsibility which combines the national compensation system with the national compensation system in the vaccine injury relief mechanism. The main content of this paper includes six parts. The first part is the introduction part, which introduces the background of this thesis in detail, and discusses and analyzes the vaccine events at home and abroad. This paper discusses the legal consequences and compensation system of vaccine damage in our country, compares the compensation system abroad, introduces the research significance of the subject, and holds the discussion direction of the thesis in general. The second part gives a detailed definition of the concepts involved in some papers, introduces the history of vaccination, the definition of abnormal reactions, which are outside the category of abnormal reactions. In addition, the author defines the subject of legal liability for the harm caused by vaccination, clarifies its legal status, and determines the legal nature of the disputes. In the third part, by selecting three accidents of human injury caused by vaccination in recent years, the author discusses the influence and reflects on the present situation of the relief system for the victims of abnormal vaccination in China. In the fourth part, the author analyzes and discusses the existing imperfect system of compensation for victims of vaccination in China, and puts forward some revised suggestions. The fifth part has carried on the detailed analysis and the discussion to the overseas response vaccination personnel injury compensation system and the plan, has selected several countries and the region which the legal system is quite perfect has carried on the relief law research. It provides a reference standard and template for perfecting the relief system of our country, and provides a concrete direction for the perfection of the law of our country. The sixth part discusses the necessity of perfecting the administrative relief system for vaccination victims, and puts forward suggestions for improvement in view of the deficiencies of national compensation and compensation.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16

【参考文献】