新型城镇化下集体土地征收制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 04:28

本文选题：土地征收 + 特别牺牲论　；参考：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地是人类赖以生存和发展的生产资料和物质基础。在我国,土地征收主要是指国家出于社会公共利益以及城镇化、工业化建设的需要,依照法律规定的权限和程序强制性地取得集体土地所有权及土地承包经营权等土地他项物权,并依法给予一定补偿的行为。土地征收事关国家经济建设,涉及农民的切身利益和社会稳定,它是一场公权力与私权利的利益博弈。随着我国社会经济的快速发展及工业化、城市化进程的快速推进,新增建设用地和扩大城市规模逐渐通过征收农村集体土地来实现,农村集体土地征收的数量和面积长期在高位徘徊。十八大提出建设中国特色新型城镇化的要求,标志着我国城市化发展进入了新阶段。农民作为新型城镇化建设的重要主体之一,尤其是失地农民这一特殊群体,其权益保障关系到整体的城市化进程。如何创新土地征收补偿模式,让失地农村共享新型城镇化建设的成果是首先要解决的问题。部分地区已经开始开展了新的土地征收制度改革的试点工作,以期望获得可复制可推广的经验成果。笔者认为,关于土地征收的理论探索对于完善我国的土地征收制度,探索适应社会主义市场经济需要的新型土地征收制度,提高土地管理水平,保障失地农民合法财产权益,规范政府的土地征收行为,促使征地工作走向市场化、法制化的轨道,推进科学发展观的落实和整个社会经济的持续稳定发展,具有深远的实践意义以及重要的理论价值。本文试图对新型城镇化背景下的土地征收制度进行重新解读,以期找到解决问题的路径。文章共分为三大部分,第一部分主要论述土地征收的内涵和我国土地征收的理论依据和实践过程中的征收状况。在资本主义社会中实行土地私有制,土地作为公民私有财产神圣不可侵犯,国家对于土地征收有着非常严格的限定；在我们社会主义国家实行土地国有和集体所有制,农民只有土地使用权,但这并不意味着公权力可以任意剥夺、收回土地。在理论上,实践中的土地征收应当以公共利益为目的、以“合理补偿”为前提并对国家强制力予以限制。但是由于我国城市化进程中土地征收的不规范导致土地资源的严重浪费、政府土地征收权力的滥用、被征地农民面临生存困境,有必要对新型城镇化进程中的土地征收进行规制。文章的第二部分则专注于具体分析我国集体土地征收制度中存在的一些不足之处。首先,征地范围存在的问题,虽在“公共利益”范畴,但界限模糊,极易造成公共利益的泛化；其次,征地补偿存在的问题,以土地的原产值为基价进行补偿的标准明显缺乏合理性；再次,征地安置存在的问题,难以解决失地农民的可持续生计问题；最后,征地程序存在的问题,征地程序缺乏基本规范性,极易侵犯公民的正当权利。因此,探寻重构适应社会主义市场经济需要的、合理完善的新型集体土地征收制度,成为本文的第三部分。笔者认为,我国新型城镇化进程中的土地征收制度应当从以下几个方面入手。第一,应当明确确定公共利益的范畴,在此可以从实体和程序两方面入手；第二,确立”公平补偿”的土地征收补偿原则,以市场价格为基准确定土地征收补偿标准；第三,创新补偿安置方式；第四,规范土地征收程序、健全土地征收的救济机制。
[Abstract]:Land is the material and material basis for the survival and development of human beings. In our country, land expropriation mainly refers to the country's property rights, such as collective land ownership and land contract management right, in accordance with the rights and procedures prescribed by law, according to the public interests and urbanization, and the need of industrial construction. The land expropriation is related to the national economic construction, which involves the vital interests and social stability of the peasants. It is a game of the interests of public power and private rights. With the rapid development of our social economy and industrialization, the rapid advancement of the process of urbanization, the new construction land and the expansion of the scale of the city are gradually adopted. The quantity and area of collective land expropriation in rural areas is hovering over a long period of time. The eighteen major demands for the construction of new urbanization with Chinese characteristics indicate that the development of urbanization in China has entered a new stage. As one of the important subjects of the new urbanization construction, the peasants, especially the special group of landless peasants, have been put forward. The protection of its rights and interests is related to the whole process of urbanization. How to innovate the compensation mode of land expropriation and make the achievements of the new urbanization construction in the land lost is the first to be solved. Some areas have begun to carry out a new pilot work on the reform of the land expropriation system in order to hope to obtain the replicable and popularized experience. It is believed that the theoretical exploration of land expropriation will improve the system of land expropriation in our country, explore the new land expropriation system adapted to the needs of the socialist market economy, improve the level of land management, guarantee the legitimate property rights and interests of the landless peasants, standardize the government's land expropriation, and make the land expropriation work on the market and the legal track. The implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development and the sustainable and stable development of the whole social economy have far-reaching practical significance and important theoretical value. This article tries to reinterpret the land expropriation system under the new urbanization background, in order to find the way to solve the problem. The article is divided into three parts, the first part mainly discusses the land. The connotation of the expropriation and the theoretical basis of the land expropriation in China and the state of expropriation in the process of practice. In the capitalist society, the land private ownership, the land as the private property of the citizen is sacred and inviolable, the state has a very strict limit on the land expropriation, and the land state and collective ownership in our socialistic countries are carried out in our socialistic countries, The peasants only have the right to use the land, but this does not mean that the public power can be arbitrarily deprived and retracted. In theory, the land expropriation in practice should be aimed at the public interest, with the premise of "reasonable compensation" and the restriction of the state coercion. However, the land expropriation in the process of urbanization in China leads to the land capital. The serious waste of the source, the abuse of the government's land expropriation power, the land expropriation farmers face the existence predicament, it is necessary to regulate the land expropriation in the new urbanization process. The second part of the article focuses on the specific analysis of some inadequacies in the collective land expropriation system in our country. "Public interest" category, but the boundary is vague, it is very easy to cause the generalization of public interests; secondly, the problem of land requisition compensation, the standard of compensation with the value of land as the base price is obviously lack of rationality; thirdly, the problem of land expropriation and resettlement is difficult to solve the problem of sustainable livelihoods of land lost farmers; finally, land expropriation procedures exist The third part of this paper is the third part of this paper. The author thinks that the land expropriation system in the process of new urbanization in China should be from the following parties. First, the category of public interests should be clearly defined, and we should start with the two aspects of the entity and procedure; second, establish the principle of land expropriation compensation for "fair compensation", determine the compensation standard for land expropriation on the basis of market price; third, innovation compensation method; fourth, standardize land expropriation procedure, perfect land The remedies of the expropriation.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.3;D923.2

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