行政约谈的规范化研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 07:49

本文选题：行政约谈 + 柔性执法　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,一种颇具中国特色的柔性行政执法方式——行政约谈在行政执法实务中可谓是风起云涌成效卓著。这种一改行政机关往常对相对人“板着脸”冷硬的行政执法,扫径以待地采取“笑着脸”相迎的互动约谈行为,已成为我国构建服务型政府的一条特色进路。行政约谈作为顺应“行政管理方式多样化”潮流兴起的行政管理手段之一,已在诸如税收征管、工商管理、食品安全、环境保护等行政领域取得了累累硕果。然而,由于对行政约谈行为本身的界定及适用还处于法律的“亚健康”状态,对约谈的法律属性缺乏规范定性,加之其以灵活性著称,由此导致了行政执法过程中约谈失位、约谈越位的不当情形时有发生,倒逼行政约谈的规范化进程,逐渐凸显出究竟何时启动行政约谈、行政约谈的实施、行政约谈不当侵害被约谈人权利时如何救济等问题亟待解决。本文欲通过学理分析和制度分析两大方向将“行政约谈的规范化”这一词组分化成“行政约谈”本身的学理讨论和“规范化”研究两个部分。在学理分析层面,从行政约谈制度源头的梳理入手,缕析行政约谈在税务稽查领域的兴起以及其他领域内的发展,剖析其内在的理论基础;重点厘清行政约谈的定性问题,为后续尽量不落入空泛地进行立法改革等论调的俗套,处理约谈实践中的具体问题提供具体化的标准。特别地,分析了仅以“行政行为论”为核心的分析方法进行形式定性所产生的弊端,提出以“行政过程论”定性行政约谈的有益探索,将其界定为不涉及后续处理的行政事实行为和特定情形下可能涉及后续进行责令改正、行政处罚、行政强制等行政行为前的事实调查阶段,并对政府与市场间的关系重新审视,提出应结合行政约谈“特定的行政目标”这一实质角度理解定性,即行政约谈本质上是发生市场失灵时,政府对企业实施约谈进行政府干预的一种积极手段,在这一基础上对其进一步加以优化和规约。在规范化分析层面,先总结出实践中约谈不当的两类情形,综合分析了行政约谈现有规范文本由谁制定、约谈事项有哪些、经谁实施、根据何种程序以及如何进行监督保障等概况,指明约谈实践与规范层面存在一定的失衡亟需进行规范化。为此,既关注政府与市场二者的关系,又结合现有行政法理论体系从逐渐转变立法状态、重视程序控制,完善监督保障与救济机制等方面对行政约谈的提出合理化建议,以期提为行政约谈的规范化进程提供一个更为科学、合理的理论平台。
[Abstract]:In recent years, administrative interview, a flexible administrative law enforcement method with Chinese characteristics, has achieved remarkable results in the practice of administrative law enforcement. This kind of reform of the administrative organs usually to the relative "face" cold and hard administrative law enforcement, sweep the path to take "smile face" to meet the interactive interview behavior, has become a characteristic way to build a service-oriented government in our country. As one of the means of administration, administrative interview has made great achievements in such administrative fields as tax collection, industrial and commercial administration, food safety, environmental protection and so on. However, since the definition and application of administrative interview itself is still in the state of "sub-health" of law, the lack of normative characterization of the legal attribute of the interview, and the fact that it is known for its flexibility, has led to the misplacement of the interview in the process of administrative law enforcement. The improper situation of interviewing offside occurs from time to time, forcing the standardization process of administrative interview, gradually showing when to start the administrative interview and the implementation of the administrative interview. How to remedy the improper infringement of the rights of the person interviewed by the administrative interview should be solved urgently. This paper intends to divide the phrase "standardization of administrative interview" into two parts: the theoretical discussion of "administrative interview" and the study of "standardization" through the two major directions of theoretical analysis and institutional analysis. At the level of academic analysis, starting with the source of administrative interview system, it analyzes the rise of administrative interview in the field of tax audit and the development of other fields, analyzes its inherent theoretical basis, and clarifies the qualitative issues of administrative interview. The concrete standard is provided for dealing with the concrete problems in the practice of interview, so as to avoid falling into the clich 茅 of legislative reform and to deal with the concrete problems in the practice of interview. In particular, the paper analyzes the disadvantages of the formal qualitative analysis method based on the theory of administrative behavior, and puts forward the beneficial exploration of the qualitative administrative interview with the theory of administrative process. It is defined as the stage of investigation before administrative acts, such as administrative facts that do not involve subsequent treatment, and may involve subsequent orders for correction, administrative penalties, administrative coercion, and so on, and the relationship between the government and the market is re-examined, and the relationship between the government and the market is re-examined. This paper puts forward that the nature of administrative interview should be understood from the point of view of "specific administrative objective", that is, administrative interview is essentially a positive means for the government to intervene in the execution of the interview when the market is out of order. On this basis, it is further optimized and regulated. At the level of standardized analysis, the author summarizes two kinds of cases of improper interview in practice, synthetically analyzes who formulates the existing normative text of administrative interview, what are the matters of interview, and who carries out the interview. According to the general situation of what procedure and how to carry out supervision and security, it is pointed out that there is a certain imbalance in interview practice and norm, which needs to be standardized. Therefore, this paper not only pays attention to the relationship between the government and the market, but also puts forward some reasonable suggestions on the administrative interview from the aspects of changing the legislative state gradually, attaching importance to the procedural control, perfecting the supervision, security and relief mechanism, combining with the existing administrative law theory system. In order to provide a more scientific and reasonable theoretical platform for the standardization process of administrative interviews.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

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