失独家庭精神抚慰社会救助法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 09:01

本文选题：失独家庭 + 精神抚慰　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：上世纪70年代末期施行的计划生育政策,帮助我国经济、政治、社会、文化、生态文明等综合国力飞速提升,如今近四十年的独生子女政策悄然退出历史舞台,但因该政策而产生的失独群体却日益庞大。国家仅从物质层面对失独家庭进行救助,而失独家庭在精神救助上的需求出现缺失。对这被牺牲的一代群体,政府各部门、社会应当承担起对失独家庭的精神抚慰责任。目前精神抚慰社会救助在法律上的空白,让失独家庭缺乏保障自身权益的法律途径。我国现有的失独家庭社会保障制度尚不全面,探讨将精神抚慰纳入社会救助体系,合理构建相应制度,能够有效地帮助失独家庭走出精神困境,填补失独家庭社会保障制度中的空白,从而落实政府对失独家庭的精神救助责任。但与其他类型社会救助有所不同的是,失独家庭的精神抚慰社会救助制度无论是从其适用对象、救助内容、责任主体、提供方式还是实施主体上,都存在一定的特殊性。尤其是精神抚慰涉及内容具有高度的专业性,理应对精神抚慰性质的重要性给予特殊的关注,明确失独家庭精神抚慰社会救助工作应坚持的基本原则与焦点问题,有效提高构建精神抚慰社会救助制度的工作效率。国家存在的意义不能缺失以人为本、关怀民生的概念,充分保障公民的基本生存权,失独家庭的社会精神抚慰社会救助法律制度离不开国家的财政支持。而作为目前最了解失独群体的政府部门,国家卫生和计划生育委员会(以下简称“卫计委”)是这项救助工作当之无愧的管理主体。在这项救助工作中,卫计委部门应制定关于精神抚慰社会救助的完备法律规范,建立计划生育特殊困难家庭扶助与促进计划生育家庭发展的工作机制,实现资源优化配置,实现对救助工作中所有参与主体的事前事后监督。当然仅靠卫计委部门的参与,难以达到精神抚慰救助的最佳效果,还需要其他政府部门的积极配合与社会各界的广泛参与,有关责任部门、救助主体如出现消极不作为的问题,造成失独家庭的精神伤害,相关责任主体应承担相应的后果。针对失独家庭精神抚慰社会救助问题,应从机构养老、社区养老等不同方面,分别探讨对失独家庭的精神救助方式,让失独家庭有权选择不同方式、不同地域养老模式,享有更为个性化的精神救助体验,从而达到对失独者精神救助的最佳效果。在卫计委部门的监督管理下,不同主体各司其职,构建一个成熟的本土化精神抚慰社会救助法律制度,帮助失独家庭建立更为美好的精神家园。
[Abstract]:The family planning policy, which was implemented in the late 1970s, has helped China's economy, politics, society, culture, ecological civilization and other comprehensive national strength to improve rapidly. Now, the one-child policy of nearly 40 years has quietly withdrawn from the historical stage. But the loss of independence as a result of the policy is growing in size. The state only provides assistance to families who have lost their independence from the material level, and the needs of families who have lost their independence in spiritual assistance are missing. For this sacrificed generation, government departments and society should take responsibility for the spiritual comfort of families who have lost their independence. At present, the spirit soothes the social assistance in the legal blank, and makes the lost family lack the legal way to protect their own rights and interests. The existing social security system for families without independence in our country is still not comprehensive. It can effectively help families to get out of the spiritual predicament by bringing spiritual comfort into the social assistance system and rationally constructing the corresponding system. Fill in the gap in the social security system of the families without independence, so as to implement the government's duty of spiritual assistance to families without independence. But what is different from other types of social assistance is that there are some particularities in the system of spiritual comfort social assistance for families without independence whether from its applicable object the content of relief the subject of responsibility the way of providing or the subject of implementation. Especially, the content of spiritual comfort is highly professional, so we should pay special attention to the importance of spiritual comfort, and make clear the basic principles and focal points that should be adhered to in the social relief work of spiritual comfort for families without independence. Effectively improve the construction of spiritual comfort social assistance system work efficiency. The significance of national existence can not be missing the concept of people-oriented, care for the people's livelihood, fully protect the basic right of survival of citizens, and the social spirit of families without independence can not comfort the legal system of social assistance without the financial support of the state. The National Health and Family Planning Commission (hereinafter referred to as the "Health and Family Planning Commission"), the government department with the best understanding of the disenfranchised group, is the worthy administrative body of the relief work. In this relief work, the department of the Health and Family Planning Commission should formulate complete legal norms on spiritual comfort and social assistance, establish a working mechanism to assist and promote the development of family planning families with special difficulties in family planning, and realize the optimal allocation of resources. To achieve the rescue work of all participants in the ex-post supervision. Of course, it is difficult to achieve the best effect of spiritual relief and relief only by relying on the participation of the department of the Health and Family Planning Commission. We also need the active cooperation of other government departments and the extensive participation of all sectors of society. The related responsibility subjects should bear the corresponding consequences for the mental injury caused by the families without independence. In view of the problem of spiritual relief for families without independence, it is necessary to discuss the ways of spiritual assistance for families without independence from different aspects, such as institutional pension, community old-age care, so that families without independence have the right to choose different ways and different modes of providing for the aged in different regions. Enjoy more individualized mental relief experience, so as to achieve the best effect of spiritual relief for the missing. Under the supervision and management of the department of the Health and Family Planning Commission, different subjects perform their respective duties and construct a mature legal system of local spiritual comfort for social assistance, and help families lose independence to build a better spiritual home.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.182

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