论不利变更禁止原则在行政复议制度中的适用

发布时间：2018-06-14 23:10

本文选题：行政复议 + 不利变更禁止　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：2007年8月1日开始实行的《行政复议法实施条例》第51条正式将不利变更禁止原则引入行政复议制度,这是我国行政复议制度的一大进步,对于行政复议制度发挥其对行政相对人的救济功能,具有十分重要的意义。由于不利变更禁止原则引入我国行政复议制度时间不久,没有对该原则作较为深入的研究,一些问题的具体适用也没有明确规定。因此,其在确立后面临着理论和实践的双重考验,一些矛盾和冲突不断的涌现出来。第一,不利变更禁止原则作为行政救济制度的重要原则,与传统的行政内部监督理念存在诸多冲突,复议机关只强调复议制度的内部监督功能,忽视对复议申请人权利的保护。第二,依法行政原则从理论上看似很有力的限制了国家公权力,可以有效保护公民的合法权利,可是在实践中却经常出现行政复议机关确实严格遵照依法行政原则依法办事了,但是行政复议申请人的权利却没有得到很好的保护,反而作出了对被申请人更为不利的决定,这与不利变更禁止原则是存在明显冲突的。第三,当原行政行为处理不当或存在瑕疵的情况下,由于禁止不利变更原则的规定,复议机关不能直接作出对复议申请人更为不利的决定。因此复议机关只能撤销原具体行政行为,责令原行政机关重做。其处理方式与效率原则的精神相悖,不利于问题的高效解决。第四,现有行政复议制度的行政化体制是阻碍不利变更禁止原则实施、发挥其应有作用的最大障碍。单靠一个小小的不利变更禁止原则是难以弥补强大的制度缺陷的。第五,由于不利变更禁止原则缺乏具体适用规则的规定给不利变更禁止原则的实施带来了很大困难。分析其原因在于行政复议制度理念转变不彻底,行政复议制度功能不健全,不利变更禁止原则适用规则的立法缺失。因此,对不利变更禁止原则的完善,我们不仅要从原则本身出发完善具体的实施规则,更应该从整个行政复议制度出发,通过行政复议制度的不断完善,建立与不利变更禁止原则配套的制度理念与体制,来切实保障该原则落到实处。第一,转变行政复议制度理念,确立行政救济为行政复议制度的唯一理念,把保障人权作为行政复议制度的最终目的。第二,完善行政复议制度的救济功能,确立行政复议机关的独立地位,加强行政复议程序的司法化。第三,关于行政复议制度中不利变更禁止原则具体规则的补充,借鉴不利变更禁止原则在诉讼领域具体规则的适用。
[Abstract]:Article 51 of the regulations on the implementation of the Administrative Review Law, which began to be implemented on August 1, 2007, formally introduces the principle of prohibition of adverse changes into the administrative review system, which is a great progress of the administrative review system in China. It is of great significance for the administrative reconsideration system to exert its relief function to the administrative counterpart. Because the principle of adverse change prohibition was introduced into the administrative reconsideration system of our country for a short time, the principle has not been studied in depth, and some problems have not been clearly stipulated in its application. Therefore, after its establishment, it faces the double test of theory and practice, and some contradictions and conflicts emerge constantly. First, as an important principle of administrative relief system, the principle of adverse change prohibition has many conflicts with the traditional concept of internal administrative supervision. The review organ only emphasizes the internal supervisory function of the review system and neglects the protection of the right of the applicant for reconsideration. Second, the principle of administration by law seems in theory to be very powerful in restricting the public power of the state and can effectively protect the legitimate rights of citizens. However, in practice, however, administrative reconsideration organs often act in strict accordance with the principle of administration according to law. However, the right of the applicant for administrative reconsideration has not been well protected, on the contrary, he has made a more disadvantageous decision to the respondent, which is obviously in conflict with the principle of adverse change of prohibition. Third, when the original administrative conduct is handled improperly or there are defects, due to the prohibition of adverse change principle, the review organ can not directly make a more disadvantageous decision to the applicant for reconsideration. Therefore, the review organ can only revoke the original specific administrative act and order the former administrative organ to do it again. Its handling method is contrary to the spirit of efficiency principle and is not conducive to the efficient solution of the problem. Fourthly, the administrative system of the present administrative reconsideration system is the biggest obstacle that hinders the implementation of the prohibition principle of unfavorable change and plays its due role. A small unfavorable prohibition principle alone cannot make up for a strong institutional flaw. Fifth, the unfavorable change prohibition principle has brought great difficulties to the implementation of adverse change prohibition principle because of the lack of specific applicable rules. The reasons are that the concept of administrative review system is not completely changed, the function of administrative review system is not perfect, and the legislative deficiency of unfavorable alteration of the applicable rules of prohibition principle. Therefore, for the perfection of the prohibition principle of adverse change, we should not only perfect the concrete implementation rules from the principle itself, but also proceed from the whole administrative reconsideration system and continue to perfect the administrative reconsideration system. Set up the system idea and system matching with the principle of adverse change prohibition to ensure the implementation of the principle. First, we should change the concept of administrative reconsideration system, establish administrative relief as the only idea of administrative reconsideration system, and take the protection of human rights as the ultimate goal of administrative reconsideration system. Second, perfect the relief function of administrative reconsideration system, establish the independent status of administrative reconsideration organ, and strengthen the judicature of administrative reconsideration procedure. Third, the supplement of the specific rules of the prohibition principle of adverse change in the administrative review system, and the application of the principle of the prohibition of adverse change to the specific rules in the field of litigation.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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