家庭承包经营权入股有限责任公司法律问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-18 13:27
【摘要】：家庭承包经营权“三权分置”政策出台之后,权利入股成为家庭承包经营权流转和现代农业发展的主要形式。家庭承包经营权入股有限责任公司是农民以家庭承包经营权作为资本,投入到有限责任公司,从而获得股权的行为。本文研究目的是:家庭承包经营权入股有限责任公司的合理性和相关的制度构建。首先,分析了家庭承包经营权入股的主体形式选择,并以江苏省农村土地股份合作社、重庆市农地入股有限责任公司、四川省家庭承包经营权入股农民专业合作社为对比的实证样本,分析家庭承包经营权入股有限责任公司的地方模式,明确家庭承包经营权入股有限责任公司是承包经营权入股的最为合理的法律主体形态。因为,对比其他入股主体形式,有限责任公司人资两合性有利于维护农民股东权益;有限责任公司有较大的自治权;有限责任公司有较强的外部资本能力;有限责任公司模式更适合我国家庭农场的发展。其次,分析了家庭承包经营权入股有限责任公司的正当性。2015年出台的“中央一号文件”和2016年出台的“中央一号文件”提出了“坚持集体所有权、稳定农村的土地承包关系、放活土地经营权、明晰三权分置的解决办法”和改革政策,为权能分离理论之下家庭承包经营权入股提供了政策依据。基于经济学和法学界三权分置的学术争论,本文提出土地经营权从家庭承包权分离,并作为入股客体的构想。再次,从家庭承包经营权入股有限责任公司的前置性制度出发,分析家庭承包经营权入股客体的制度需求,建议立法应明确土地经营权的概念、明晰产权、登记土地经营权并及时修改《承包法》和《物权法》的规定,确立土地经营权制度。之后,本文研究了家庭承包经营权入股的一般性问题,建议规范土地价格评估机构,明确土地价格评估标准;针对入股后农民生存权保障的风险,建议构建收益权制度、拍卖补贴制度和入股保险制度。最后,从家庭承包经营权入股有限责任公司的专门性制度构建出发,针对《公司法》股东人数限制不适应农民股东的冲突,建议立法增加规定,即允许农民股东人数超过50人上限的规定或者参照信托持股制规定股东人数;针对承包经营权期限冲突问题,建议建立自动续期制度;针对股权转让问题,建议取消《承包法》的限制性规定,允许土地经营权的自由流转;针对公司治理过程中农民股东和非农民股东的冲突,建议以优先股制度加以解决。本文的研究结论是,家庭承包经营权入股有限责任公司是未来农业发展的合理主体形态。在“三权分置”政策法制化之后,立法应明确土地经营权的客体地位,承包经营权人有权自主以土地经营权入股有限责任公司,其入股不应受到限制。但是,基于家庭承包权保障功能,部分农民家庭仍然以土地经营为唯一收入来源的考量,虽然土地经营权具有较强财产属性,立法仍然应完善相关的社会保障制度,建议通过设立入股农民的农业保险制度,预防公司在农业经营的市场风险。
[Abstract]:After the policy of "separation of three powers" of household contractual management rights was promulgated, the right to share-holding became the main form of the circulation of household contractual management rights and the development of modern agriculture. The purpose is: the rationality of the household contractual management right to share in the limited liability company and the related system construction. Firstly, this paper analyzes the main form of the household contractual management right to share in the farmers'professional cooperatives, including Jiangsu rural land stock cooperatives, Chongqing farmland stock limited liability company, Sichuan household contractual management right to share in the farmers' professional cooperatives. For the comparison of the empirical samples, this paper analyzes the local mode of the household contractual management right shareholding in the limited liability company, and makes it clear that the household contractual management right shareholding in the limited liability company is the most reasonable legal subject form of the contractual management right shareholding. Eastern equity; limited liability company has greater autonomy; limited liability company has stronger external capital capacity; limited liability company model is more suitable for the development of family farms in China. Secondly, it analyzes the legitimacy of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company. The first document of the Central Committee put forward the policy of "insisting on collective ownership, stabilizing rural land contracting relations, letting go of land management rights, and clarifying the solution of the separation of the three powers" and reform, which provided the policy basis for the household contracting management rights under the theory of separation of powers and functions. Thirdly, starting from the pre-system of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company, this paper analyzes the system demand of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company, and suggests that legislation should clarify the concept of land management right, clarify property rights, register land management right and so on. After that, this paper studies the general problems of the household contract management right, proposes to standardize the land price appraisal organization, clarify the land price appraisal standard, and proposes to construct the income right system and auction subsidy system in view of the risk of the peasants'right to subsistence. Finally, starting from the construction of the special system of the household contractual management right to share in the limited liability company, and aiming at the conflict that the limited number of shareholders in the Company Law is not suitable for the peasant shareholders, it is suggested that legislation should be added to stipulate that the number of peasant shareholders should be allowed to exceed the upper limit of 50 or the shareholders should be stipulated by the trust shareholding system. In view of the conflict of the term of the contractual management right, it is proposed to establish an automatic renewal system; in view of the transfer of equity, it is proposed to abolish the restrictive provisions of the Contract Law and allow the free circulation of the land management right; in view of the conflict between the farmers'shareholders and non-farmers' shareholders in the process of corporate governance, it is proposed to solve it by the preferential stock system. The conclusion is that the household contractual management right is the rational main form of the future agricultural development. After the legalization of the policy of "separation of powers", the object status of the land management right should be clearly defined in legislation, and the owner of the contractual management right has the right to own the land management right to share in the limited liability company, and his share should not be restricted. In terms of the protection function of household contract right, some peasant households still take land management as the sole source of income. Although land management right has strong property attribute, the relevant social security system should be perfected by legislation. It is suggested that the agricultural insurance system of the peasants who have taken part in the stock should be established to prevent the market risk of the company in the agricultural operation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.32
本文编号：2189610
[Abstract]:After the policy of "separation of three powers" of household contractual management rights was promulgated, the right to share-holding became the main form of the circulation of household contractual management rights and the development of modern agriculture. The purpose is: the rationality of the household contractual management right to share in the limited liability company and the related system construction. Firstly, this paper analyzes the main form of the household contractual management right to share in the farmers'professional cooperatives, including Jiangsu rural land stock cooperatives, Chongqing farmland stock limited liability company, Sichuan household contractual management right to share in the farmers' professional cooperatives. For the comparison of the empirical samples, this paper analyzes the local mode of the household contractual management right shareholding in the limited liability company, and makes it clear that the household contractual management right shareholding in the limited liability company is the most reasonable legal subject form of the contractual management right shareholding. Eastern equity; limited liability company has greater autonomy; limited liability company has stronger external capital capacity; limited liability company model is more suitable for the development of family farms in China. Secondly, it analyzes the legitimacy of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company. The first document of the Central Committee put forward the policy of "insisting on collective ownership, stabilizing rural land contracting relations, letting go of land management rights, and clarifying the solution of the separation of the three powers" and reform, which provided the policy basis for the household contracting management rights under the theory of separation of powers and functions. Thirdly, starting from the pre-system of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company, this paper analyzes the system demand of household contractual management right to share in limited liability company, and suggests that legislation should clarify the concept of land management right, clarify property rights, register land management right and so on. After that, this paper studies the general problems of the household contract management right, proposes to standardize the land price appraisal organization, clarify the land price appraisal standard, and proposes to construct the income right system and auction subsidy system in view of the risk of the peasants'right to subsistence. Finally, starting from the construction of the special system of the household contractual management right to share in the limited liability company, and aiming at the conflict that the limited number of shareholders in the Company Law is not suitable for the peasant shareholders, it is suggested that legislation should be added to stipulate that the number of peasant shareholders should be allowed to exceed the upper limit of 50 or the shareholders should be stipulated by the trust shareholding system. In view of the conflict of the term of the contractual management right, it is proposed to establish an automatic renewal system; in view of the transfer of equity, it is proposed to abolish the restrictive provisions of the Contract Law and allow the free circulation of the land management right; in view of the conflict between the farmers'shareholders and non-farmers' shareholders in the process of corporate governance, it is proposed to solve it by the preferential stock system. The conclusion is that the household contractual management right is the rational main form of the future agricultural development. After the legalization of the policy of "separation of powers", the object status of the land management right should be clearly defined in legislation, and the owner of the contractual management right has the right to own the land management right to share in the limited liability company, and his share should not be restricted. In terms of the protection function of household contract right, some peasant households still take land management as the sole source of income. Although land management right has strong property attribute, the relevant social security system should be perfected by legislation. It is suggested that the agricultural insurance system of the peasants who have taken part in the stock should be established to prevent the market risk of the company in the agricultural operation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.32
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