行政奖励的程序规制研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 18:06

【摘要】：行政奖励作为一种灵活的管理社会的方式被行政主体广泛地使用。行政奖励与传统的管制型行政行为不同,其以有偿的奖励为吸引,通过引导行政相对人为或不为一定的行为从而达到管理的目的。但行政奖励在社会的实际运行过程中却存在不少问题,主要表现在缺乏程序上的规定。而通过立法实证分析可以发现,有关行政奖励的规范极其之多,但另一方面行政奖励缺乏统一的规范,因此行政奖励的规范在实践中表现出一股野蛮发展的势头。在司法实践层面,行政奖励的案件寥寥无几,公众似乎并不倾向于选择司法救济途径来维护自己在行政奖励方面受到的权益损失。此外,司法救济途径在行政奖励的救济中发挥的作用也十分有限。其他行政奖励的规制路径都存在一定的缺陷,而相比较而言,行政程序应是规制行政奖励问题的最佳路径。行政奖励的属性与价值是讨论行政奖励问题规制的前提。作为行政奖励规制的关键,行政程序可以帮助行政奖励实现依法行政。此外,行政程序的一些具体功能也有助于行政奖励问题的解决。选择何种行政程序的立法模式来对行政奖励进行规制是一个开放性的问题。从理想的角度出发应选择制定行政奖励法,若从现实的角度出发则应选择统一的行政程序法。行政奖励需要程序的规制以期破解目前的困境,而程序的构建应有一个核心思路。在当今社会法治意识逐渐加强的背景下,行政奖励的随意授予容易引起公众的强烈关注,而一系列有关行政奖励的社会热点问题便印证了这一点。鉴于普通民众渴望参与到行政奖励的强烈需求与公众参与行政奖励渠道的缺失形成的强烈反差,构建一套允许公众参与到行政奖励过程中的行政奖励程序十分有必要。而提高公众参与的前提应是贯彻行政公开原则,没有了行政公开原则的支撑,公众参与便无从谈起。在一般性的程序规定之外,行政奖励程序应当吸收诸如听证制度、异议处理制度等可以让公众参与到行政过程中来表达自己意见的制度,这其中听证制度应是最为重要的制度。听证制度也存在局限性,其适用的对象仅限于重大行政奖励,对于其余奖励则应通过其他制度的配合来进行规制,而这些制度的构建都应以实践中行政奖励所存在的问题为基础。
[Abstract]:As a flexible way to manage society, administrative reward is widely used by administrative subjects. The administrative reward is different from the traditional administrative behavior of the control type. It is attracted by the paid reward and achieves the purpose of management by guiding the administrative counterpart to act artificially or not. However, there are many problems in the actual operation of administrative awards, mainly in the lack of procedural provisions. Through the empirical analysis of legislation, we can find that there are a lot of regulations about administrative awards, but on the other hand, there is a lack of uniform norms of administrative awards, so the norms of administrative awards show a momentum of savage development in practice. In the aspect of judicial practice, there are few cases of administrative reward, and the public does not seem to choose the judicial remedy to protect their rights and interests in the administrative reward. In addition, judicial remedies also play a very limited role in the relief of administrative awards. There are some defects in the regulation path of other administrative awards, but administrative procedure should be the best way to regulate the administrative reward problem. The attribute and value of administrative reward is the premise of discussing the regulation of administrative reward. As the key of administrative reward regulation, administrative procedure can help administrative reward to realize administration according to law. In addition, some specific functions of administrative procedures are also helpful to solve the problem of administrative incentives. It is an open problem to choose the legislative mode of administrative procedure to regulate the administrative reward. From the ideal point of view, we should choose to formulate the administrative reward law, and if we proceed from the realistic point of view, we should choose the unified administrative procedure law. The administrative reward needs the regulation of the procedure in order to solve the current predicament, and the construction of the procedure should have a core idea. Under the background of strengthening the consciousness of rule of law in the society today, the arbitrary award of administrative reward is easy to arouse the public's intense concern, and a series of social hot issues about administrative reward confirm this point. In view of the strong demand of the ordinary people to participate in the administrative reward and the strong contrast formed by the lack of the public participation in the administrative reward channel, it is necessary to construct a set of administrative reward procedure that allows the public to participate in the administrative reward process. The premise of improving public participation is to carry out the principle of administrative openness, without the support of the principle of administrative openness, public participation can not be discussed. In addition to the general procedural provisions, the administrative reward procedure should absorb such systems as hearing system, dissent handling system and so on, which can let the public participate in the administrative process to express their opinions, in which the hearing system should be the most important system. The hearing system also has its limitations, the object of its application is limited to major administrative awards, and the other awards should be regulated through the cooperation of other systems. The construction of these systems should be based on the problems of administrative rewards in practice.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.1

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