民事涉诉信访制度研究

发布时间：2019-01-04 14:07

【摘要】：信访这一概念肇始于20世纪50年代初,是党和政府宣传方针政策、深入了解社情民意、及时化解社会矛盾的重要窗口和阵地,在回应群众急难愁盼的民生问题、维护社会的稳定方面起到了较大的积极作用。但同时,我们也应看到,目前的信访制度存在一些不合理的地方,例如：信访这一民意表达方式被无限滥用,信访权利被无限放大,民众过度依赖信访,使信访制度自身的正确定位日渐模糊,甚至产生变质倾向。涉诉信访,即经由人民法院判决的诉讼案件被再次提出信访,以法院为主要受访机构,按照现有的政策法规,承担信访制度的基本功能。随着越来越多的社会矛盾以案件形式进入司法领域,出现了诉讼与信访交织、法内处理与法外解决并存的状况。由于涉诉信访的门槛低、随意性大,无时间、条件限制,可反复、随时提出,成本也仅限于信访者的时间成本,导致有些群众“信访不信法”,边诉讼边上访,诉讼结束后继续上访等问题比较突出,给法院的工作带来很大压力,法院的正常审级制度遭到破坏,判决书的司法权威及公正公信受到质疑。为了更好地研究涉诉信访这一问题,本文结合工作实践,以民事涉诉信访为研究重点,主要从民事涉诉信访制度的概念、性质、成因、现状等方面着手对该制度进行探讨,认为我国民事涉诉信访制度的存在与发展具有其理论依据、历史文化根源和现实基础,并针对涉诉信访制度在运行中与民事诉讼法的基本理论与价值相违背的现实,对我国民事涉诉信访制度的改革提出自已的观点。全文共分五章。第一章,民事涉诉信访的概述。首先明确信访制度的概念与由来,梳理学界对信访制度的已有认识,然后明确涉诉信访的基本内涵,界定本文的研究范围。第二章,民事涉诉信访的比较研究。运用比较研究的方法,从历史和地域的角度认识涉诉信访。分为两部分。第一部分从历史发展的角度介绍我国涉诉信访制度的形成和演进,阐述新中国确立的涉诉信访制度的本质；第二部分将信访制度与境外类似制度作出比较,以供借鉴先进经验。如瑞典和英国等国家的议会监察专员制度和新西兰、澳大利亚以及我国香港地区的申诉专员制度等。第三章,民事涉诉信访的成因与功能。从我国政治文化的根源、司法制度的缺陷和社会大背景三方面解释涉诉信访的存在原因；并认为涉诉信访具有政治、社会和司法三大功能。第四章,涉诉信访制度的现实状况和存在的问题。首先,阐述当前民事涉诉信访量正处于高潮期的现状；其次,以某基层法院涉诉信访的运行情况作为研究参考,揭示出目前涉诉信访存在功能变质问题；最后,分析目前涉诉信访制度对民事既判力理论、程序正义价值和讼效率价值带来的冲突。第五章,民事涉诉信访制度改革的对策建议。分为四部分。第一,指出了改革的基本思路,包括介绍目前理论界对涉诉信访制度走向的三种学说：即取消说、加强说和弱化说,本文采弱化说,并认为涉诉信访应“存中求变”；探讨涉诉信访应与民事再审分离；第二,提出构建涉诉信访法治化运行机制,涉及诉访分离机制、多元化民事纠纷解决机制、涉诉信访终结机制和完善民事涉诉信访法律制度；第三至第四部分探讨了通过建立民事再审之诉和民事再审实行强制律师代理制度等改革途径,完善现有民事涉诉信访制度,进一步推进法治文明。
[Abstract]:The concept of letters and visits began in the early 1950s, and it was an important window and position for the Party and the government to promote the principles and policies of the Party and the government, and to resolve the social contradictions in a timely manner. The maintenance of the stability of the society has played a great positive role. But at the same time, we should also see that there are some unreasonable places in the present letter-and-petition system, such as the unlimited abuse of the public opinion expression of the letter and petition, the unlimited enlargement of the right of the letter and the letter, the excessive reliance of the people on the letter and the letter, so that the correct positioning of the system itself is becoming more and more vague, and even produce a tendency of deterioration. In the case of a complaint petition, that is, the case of the case, which is decided by the people's court, is put forward again, and the court is the principal part of the visited institution. In accordance with the existing policies and regulations, the system has the basic function of the complaint reporting system. As more and more social contradictions come into the judicial field in the form of cases, the situation of co-existence between the lawsuit and the letter and petition, the treatment and the method in the law is solved. due to the low threshold, the random nature, the no time, the condition limitation, the repetition, the time and the time, the cost is only limited to the time cost of the letters and visits, which leads to the 鈥渓etter and letter non-mail method鈥，

本文编号：2400388