监察体制改革中职务犯罪侦查权比较研究

发布时间：2019-01-10 19:25

【摘要】：在国家监察体制改革中,监察委员会是否拥有职务犯罪侦查权存在着争议,监察委员会应当享有哪些职权也尚待明确。由于各国司法体制不尽相同,因此刑事案件管辖权的分工和职务犯罪侦查权的配置存在差异,主要有由警察行使侦查权、检察官直接行使侦查权和设专门机构行使侦查权之别。不同的模式选择往往由法律文化传统、诉讼模式、职务犯罪的特点、腐败的严重程度、侦查能力、公众的信任程度等多种因素共同决定。监察委员会的设立,使得我国职务犯罪侦查权从检察机关直接行使模式转向专门机构行使模式,在此背景下,新加坡贪污调查局、香港廉政公署、澳门廉政公署的实践经验对中国大陆地区具有重要的借鉴意义。受法治原则和人权原则的约束,应当赋予监察委员会履行反腐败职责所需的必要权力,而非打击腐败所需的全部权力;监察委员会侦查权不应是原有反腐败机构权力的简单相加,而应从我国现行法律出发,参照新加坡及其他地区的经验和刑事司法国际标准进行具体甄别;在监察体制改革中,应注意避免"只转权力、不转权利"的片面思维,完善对监察委员会侦查权进行监督和制约的机制。
[Abstract]:In the reform of the state supervisory system, whether the supervisory committee has the power to investigate crimes committed by duty is controversial, and what functions and powers the supervisory committee should have remains to be determined. Due to the different judicial systems in different countries, there are differences in the division of criminal cases jurisdiction and the disposition of the investigation power of duty crime, mainly by the police, the procurator directly exercising the power of investigation and the establishment of specialized agencies to exercise the power of investigation. The choice of different modes is often determined by legal cultural tradition, litigation mode, the characteristics of duty crime, the severity of corruption, the ability of investigation, the degree of public trust, and so on. With the establishment of the supervisory committee, the power to investigate crimes committed by officials in our country has changed from the mode of direct exercise by procuratorial organs to that of specialized agencies. In this context, the Corruption investigation Bureau of Singapore, the Independent Commission against Corruption of Hong Kong, The practical experience of the Macao Independent Commission against Corruption is of great significance to the mainland of China. Subject to the principles of the rule of law and human rights, the supervisory committee should be given the necessary powers to carry out its functions against corruption, rather than all the powers necessary to combat corruption; The investigation power of the supervisory committee should not be the simple sum of the powers of the original anti-corruption agency, but should be based on the current law of our country, referring to the experience of Singapore and other regions and the international standards of criminal justice. In the reform of supervisory system, we should avoid the one-sided thinking of "only transferring power, not power", and perfect the mechanism of supervising and restricting the investigation power of supervisory committee.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院法学研究所;
【分类号】：D922.11

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