论我国食品安全法中的惩罚性赔偿

发布时间：2019-01-26 20:28

【摘要】：2009年我国颁布的《食品安全法》第96条第2款对惩罚性赔偿制度在食品安全领域的适用做出了规定,初步确立了“十倍赔偿”的原则。这是惩罚性赔偿制度在我国适用的一次重大突破,对食品生产者和销售者规定了更加严格的责任,希望可以改善我国食品安全令人担忧的现实状况。该条款是进步性的,具有重大的现实意义,适合目前我国国情和世界经济的发展形势,也符合法律制度的发展趋势。我国食品安全法惩罚性赔偿制度与美国和台湾等相关制度有很多共同之处,但也有很大的差异性。食品安全法第96条第2款不可否认是具有一定科学性和进步性的,但也存在很多不合理的地方。本文认为在我国《食品安全法》即将修改之际有必要对该条款的适用现状、存在的问题等进行分析。通过对美国和台湾地区惩罚性赔偿相关法律的比较分析,借鉴其优势弥补该条款的不足和缺陷,完善其在具体案件中的适用,并提出具体的完善建议,以便发挥其惩罚犯罪、遏制违法行为的功能,实现立法者最初的目标。本文共分三章进行研究：第一章通过具体案例介绍我国食品安全责任中惩罚性赔偿适用的现状和问题。惩罚性赔偿的适用有其特殊的构成要件,包括在主体要件、主观方面过错、违法行为、损害结果,以及违法行为和损害结果之间的因果关系。虽然我国食品安全法中已经确立了惩罚性赔偿偿制度,但由于目前该制度还不是很完善,在司法实践中存在着适用方面的障碍,因此,并没有发挥其应有的作用。第二章分析国外产品侵权领域如何适用惩罚性赔偿制度并提供一些借鉴。主要通过分析美国和我国台湾地区惩罚性赔的特征并和我国惩罚性赔偿进行比较,最后得出一些启示。第三章,提出完善惩罚性赔偿制度的建议。例如,将销售者的“重大过失”行为和“知假买假”行为纳入该制度的调整范围；改变现有的赔偿金计算标准,确立与实际损失相结合的弹性计算标准；完善相关诉讼制度等。
[Abstract]:Article 96 (2) of the Food Safety Law promulgated in 2009 provides for the application of punitive damages in the field of food safety, and establishes the principle of "ten times compensation". This is a major breakthrough in the application of the punitive damages system in our country, which stipulates more strict liability for food producers and sellers, hoping to improve the worrying reality of food safety in China. This clause is progressive and has great practical significance. It is suitable for the current situation of our country and the development of the world economy, and is also in line with the development trend of the legal system. The punitive damages system of food safety law in China has much in common with other related systems, such as the United States and Taiwan, but there are also great differences. Article 96, paragraph 2, of the Food Safety Law is undeniably scientific and progressive, but there are many unreasonable points. This paper holds that it is necessary to analyze the present situation and existing problems of the application of the food safety law in China when it is about to be amended. Based on the comparative analysis of the relevant laws of punitive damages in the United States and Taiwan, the author makes use of its advantages to make up for the deficiencies and defects of this provision, consummates its application in specific cases, and puts forward specific suggestions to punish the crime. Restrain the function of illegal behavior, realize legislator's initial goal. This paper is divided into three chapters: the first chapter introduces the application of punitive damages in food safety liability through specific cases. The application of punitive damages has its special constitutive elements, including the subjective fault, the illegal behavior, the damage result, and the causality between the illegal act and the damage result. Although the system of punitive damages has been established in the food safety law of our country, because the system is not perfect at present, there are some obstacles in the judicial practice, so it does not play its due role. The second chapter analyzes how to apply the punitive damages system in the field of foreign product tort and provides some reference. By analyzing the characteristics of punitive damages in the United States and Taiwan and comparing them with punitive damages in China, some revelations are obtained. The third chapter, puts forward the suggestion to perfect the punitive damages system. For example, the "gross negligence" behavior and the "knowing fake purchase" behavior of the seller should be included in the adjustment scope of the system; the existing standard of compensation calculation should be changed, and the flexible calculation standard combined with the actual loss should be established; and the relevant litigation system should be perfected.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16

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