论契约精神在行政法领域的扩张与限度

发布时间：2019-06-20 00:39

【摘要】：在当前的行政法领域中，行政法治化越来越成为当前世界行政发展的总体趋向，这一方面是由于人们权利意识的增长导致政府人治因素弊端的暴露,而逐渐取代之于法治文明的到来，私权文化向公权领域的扩张，也越来越促使政府行政过程中的透明化，软行政的发展，催生着更多的行政领域由原来需要强制措施才能达到目的的行政方式逐渐向着和谐的方向发展。如此，政府与民众之间的关系也逐渐地由管理与服从的关系慢慢地向合作的方向转化，这种需要越来越缓和的行政方式的发展也越来越多地渗透着契约的精神。契约精神在行政法领域的渗透与扩张是社会文明发展的必然，其对减轻由于社会发展给经政府带来行政负担的同时，也促进了社会高素质资源的有效利用。但这种契约精神在行政法领域的扩张不是无限的，它有一个限度，这种限度就是传统行政法领域。当前世界行政法的发展已进入法治行政、服务行政、合作行政以至全球行政，但这并不意味着以强权命令为主要方式的传统行政管理行政已经过时，在目前以至将来很长一段时间内，以许可、制裁、处罚、强制为支撑的传统行政行为方式将会一直稳定性地存在，因为人们的自觉意识、法治观念在短时间内并不会得到空前的提高到不需要政府强制制裁而能够自我约束的程度，这个国家维护正常社会秩序所需要的强制力后盾在短时期内还不会改变，所以社会的发展所促生的新的行政行为方式并不是说传统行政法已经过时，，相反，传统强制政府与新时期的合作行政将共同促进国家的行政秩序。契约理念在行政法领域的扩张只是在随着当今世界行政法治化的进程促催着政府行政越来越向着透明化、缓和化的方向发展而出现并越来越广泛的软行政法领域的扩张，由于行政权的强权本质不可能允许其侵犯到传统行政管理领域而破坏行政权威而可能威胁到社会的稳定性。笔者就是想通过探讨契约精神在行政法领域的扩张明确契约精神在减轻政府行政负担的同时推动社会的多元性快速发展，但这种契约精神在行政法领域的扩张并不是无限的，在行政法中不可能是完全替代所有行政行为，只是对传统行政法强权领域的补充。它的扩张只是在随着社会的发展而新增加的行政管理领域，这部分管理较为缓和，只要能够正确引导就完全可以协商赋权达到自我管理而减轻政府的管理负担，或者是政府一时性的较为专业的工作需要而又没有必要增设某个行政岗位时而能过契约临时聘用一些专业社会机构或人员来完成本由政府工作部门来完成的工作，这样既减轻了政府负担又节约了社会资源。由此，契约精神随着人们法治意识的提高和行政法治化的进程而不断地向行政法领域渗透和扩张，但这种扩张只是在随着社会的发展而新增加的行政法领域，它不可能侵犯到代表强权本质而作为维护社会秩序最强有力后盾的传统行政法领域。
[Abstract]:In the current administrative law field, the administrative law is more and more becoming the general trend of the current world's administrative development, on the one hand, because the increase of people's rights consciousness leads to the exposure of the malpractice of the government's people, and gradually to the arrival of the rule of law civilization. The expansion of the government's culture to the realm of public power has also made it more and more important to promote the transparency and the development of the soft administration in the administrative process of the government. In this way, the relationship between the government and the people is gradually transformed from the relationship of management and obedience to the direction of cooperation, and the development of the more and more moderate administrative way is more and more permeable to the spirit of the contract. The infiltration and expansion of the contract spirit in the field of administrative law is the necessity of the development of the social civilization, and it also promotes the effective utilization of the high-quality resources of the society while the administrative burden is brought to the government through the development of the society. But this kind of contract spirit is not unlimited in the field of administrative law, it has a limit, this limit is the traditional administrative law field. The development of the current world administrative law has entered the administration of the rule of law, the service administration, the cooperation administration and the global administration, but this does not mean that the traditional administration and administration, which takes the power order as the main mode, is out of date, The traditional mode of administrative act, which is cut, punished and forced to support, will always exist, because of the self-consciousness of the people, the concept of the rule of law will not be improved in a short period of time, and the course of self-restraint can be self-imposed without the need of the government to impose the sanction. The new administrative act of the development of the society is not to say that the traditional administrative law is out of date, the phase is not to say that the traditional administrative law is out of date, On the contrary, the traditional compulsory government and the cooperation administration in the new period will jointly promote the state's administrative rank The expansion of the concept of contract in the field of administrative law is only in the field of soft administrative law that has emerged and is becoming more and more extensive with the development of the administrative law of the world and the development of the government's administration in the direction of transparency and moderating. Zhang, because the power of the executive power can not be allowed to violate the administrative authority in the traditional administration of administration, and may threaten the stability of the society The author is to explore the expansion of the contract spirit in the field of administrative law, and to promote the rapid development of the social diversity while reducing the administrative burden of the government, but the expansion of the contract spirit in the field of administrative law is not unlimited. In the administrative law, it is impossible to completely replace all administrative acts, but it is only a complement to the traditional power of the traditional administrative law. The expansion of the government is only in the new administrative area with the development of the society, this part of the management is relatively mild, so long as the right guidance is able to negotiate and empower to achieve self-management, the management of the government is reduced It has not only reduced the burden of the government but also saved the social capital, it was not necessary to add a certain administrative post, but it was not necessary to add an administrative post, and it was not necessary to add a certain administrative post. As a result, the spirit of the contract is constantly permeating and expanding in the field of administrative law with the improvement of the consciousness of the rule of law and the process of administrative law, but the expansion is only the new administrative law collar which is newly added with the development of the society The domain, it can't encroach on the traditional administrative law collar that represents the essence of the power and is the most powerful backing of the maintenance of the social orde
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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