生物除草剂敌散克（Disancu）产业化关键技术的再改进

发布时间：2018-04-17 03:35

  本文选题：生物除草剂 + 菌株QZ-2000　； 参考：《南京农业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：敌散克(Disancu)是利用马唐致病型菌株画眉草弯孢霉(Curvularia eragrostidis)QZ-2000发展的生物除草剂,其主要生物活性成分为QZ-2000的分生孢子。前期研究表明QZ-2000对马唐、千金子、稗草等禾本科杂草的致病力强,对玉米、大豆等主要农作物安全,易于工业化生产,且具有自主知识产权。因此,具有开发成商品化生物除草剂的良好前景。本文在前期的研究基础上对QZ-2000分生孢子的大批量生产、敌散克的配方和剂型等关键技术进行了改进,为将来敌散克的产业化和推广应用提供一定的理论基础和技术支持。 QZ-2000需要在无菌条件下进行培养及分生孢子生产,用常压灭菌替代高压灭菌,能够降低生物除草剂的大批量的生产对生产设备的要求,从而降低成本。在设计25min到65min间隔10min的处理梯度的试验研究,发现随着灭菌时间的延长对QZ-2000菌落生长大小及生长状况、产孢量、孢子萌发率、孢子致病力均有显著促进作用,在45min以上时,这种效应趋于最大。因此,综合考虑成本和效果,最终确定了常压灭菌45mmin,可进行实际生产。 敌散克生物除草剂需要与化学除草剂复配才能发挥良好的除草效果,利用有机酸复配可以替代低量化学除草剂,使产品完全有机化。通过草酸、乙酸与孢子的相容性试验,结果表明8750ppm及其以下浓度的草酸与孢子复配的孢子萌发率为72.86%或更高,8000ppm及其以下浓度的乙酸复配孢子的萌发率达到50%以上。进一步进行了不同有机酸浓度梯度的小杯和盆钵的除草活性试验,结果表明,1000ppm-4000ppm草酸与孢子的复配剂在14天后对马唐的株防效分别在80%和70%以下,但是8000ppm草酸与孢子的复配剂防效在90%和70%以上；1000ppm-4000ppm乙酸与孢子的复配剂在14天后对马唐的株防效分别在72%和70%以下,8000ppm乙酸与孢子的复配剂防效在90%和60%以上。有机酸与孢子复配具有明显增效作用,可用于田间防除试验。 继而进行了敌散克与有机酸复配田间控草的试验,结果显示在小区和大田试验中草酸浓度为1000ppm-4000ppm时马唐第四周防效在60%和71%以下,当草酸浓度为8000ppm时,小区和大田试验的8000ppm草酸与孢子的复配剂第四周防效分别在70%和80%以上,复配剂增效明显；乙酸浓度为1000ppm-4000ppm时马唐第四周防效在60%和65%以下,但8000ppm乙酸复配剂防效在65%和70%以上。综合考虑成本、效果等因素最终确定有机酸浓度为8000ppm在田间达到较好的控草效果,有一定的应用价值。 前期研制的敌散克油包水剂型实际应用中操作不便利且效果不稳定。利用复合凝聚法制备的微囊剂可克服这些问题。研究了制备QZ-2000微囊剂的方法,确定了助剂添加—搅拌—酸化—冷冻干燥工艺流程,筛选出水油质量比为1：1.67,明胶、阿拉伯树胶浓度为2%,卵磷脂浓度为油质量的10%的助剂配比,微囊剂成型受搅拌和酸化时间影响。微囊剂的孢子萌发率、致病率测定也表明其有利于保持较强致病力。结果表明,在离体叶片实验中,孢子浓度为6x105个/ml及以上时,致病率达93%以上。小杯实验中,孢子浓度为1x106个/ml时孢子对马唐的株防效为82.3%。盆钵实验中,1000ppm-4000ppm有机酸与微囊剂复配株防效和鲜重防效分别为70%和85%以下,而6000ppm-8000ppm的复配剂株防效和鲜重防效分别约为80%和90%以上1000ppm-8000ppm的乙酸复配剂的防效均在60%以下。 综上所述,一个合适的配方剂型,可以在一定程度上克服生物除草剂对湿度的依赖性。将有机酸与生物除草剂相结合,则可以提高生物除草剂的控草效果。将生物除草剂制成微囊剂,能够提高药效,提高生物除草剂的稳定性,并延长持效期。
[Abstract]:Disancu is a kind of biological herbicide developed by Curvularia erstistidis QZ - 2000 , and its main biological active ingredient is QZ - 2000 . The preliminary study shows that QZ - 2000 is safe for main crops such as Ma Tang , Qianjin and Echinochloa galli , and has independent intellectual property rights .

QZ - 2000 needs to be cultured under aseptic conditions and conidium production . It is possible to reduce cost by replacing high - pressure sterilization with normal pressure sterilization . It is found that the growth and growth of QZ - 2000 colonies can be reduced with the extension of sterilization time . Therefore , the effect tends to be the biggest with the extension of sterilization time . Therefore , the cost and effect are considered comprehensively . Therefore , 45mmin at normal pressure is finally determined and the actual production can be carried out .

The experiment of compatibility between oxalic acid , acetic acid and spore showed that the spore germination rate of the compound spore was 72.86 % or higher , 8000 ppm and the following concentration were below 50 % . The results showed that the effect of 1000 ppm - 4000ppm of oxalic acid and spore was 80 % and 70 % respectively , but the anti - efficacy of the compound of 8000 ppm oxalic acid and spore was over 90 % and 70 % respectively .
The anti - efficacy of 1000 ppm - 4000ppm acetic acid and spore was 72 % and 70 % after 14 days , and the anti - efficacy of 8000 ppm acetic acid and spore was over 90 % and 60 % respectively . The combination of organic acids and spores had obvious synergistic effect and could be used in field control experiment .

The results show that when the concentration of oxalic acid is 1000ppm -4000ppm in cell and field test , the anti - effectiveness is below 60 % and 71 % when the oxalic acid concentration is 1000ppm -4000ppm . When the oxalic acid concentration is 8000 ppm , the four - week anti - effectiveness of the compound of 8000 ppm oxalic acid and spore in the cell and field test is 70 % and 80 % , respectively , and the synergistic effect is obvious ;
When the concentration of acetic acid is 1000ppm -4000ppm , the anti - effectiveness is below 60 % and 65 % , but the anti - effectiveness of 8000 ppm acetic acid complex is over 65 % and 70 % . Considering the cost , effect and other factors , it is determined that the concentration of organic acid is 8000 ppm .

A method for preparing QZ - 2000 microcapsule was studied . The results showed that when the concentration of spore was 1 鈭，

本文编号：1761914