专利商业化模式问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 09:45

本文选题：专利商业化 + 专利市场　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在商品交易市场中，有一些资产借助许多正在繁荣发展的中间机构进行交易，例如房产、金融产品、书籍和电子设备以及各种各样的有形物。但知识产权却有别于这些商品。知识产权市场一直被认为是经济交易活动中最为庞大的，然而其效率是最低的市场。知识产权市场高度的流动性原因显而易见：知识产权是无形的，难以对其价值进行精确地估量。此外知识产权市场中的交易双方（发明者、专利所有人以及经营公司或专利使用者、购买者）都需要承担昂贵的检索，人力、财力和时间成本，而且专利诉讼的风险使得所有潜在参与者都极为小心谨慎的从事商业活动。这样的环境下，催生了许多不同的专利商业化模式，包括专利经营模式、防卫专利集中模式和进攻专利集中模式，其中专利经营模式使得知识产权市场具有一定的活跃性；防卫专利集中模式提高了专利价值的透明度，有效的阻止了专利主张实体的诉讼主张；进攻专利集中模式与专利市场中创新的机制背道而驰，其从某种程度上阻碍了专利市场中参与者持续创新的积极性。首先，本文通过对当下专利利用方式、专利环境的动态分析，得出专利价值评估的复杂性。专利价值的实现方式日益的多元化，为众多专利商业化模式的出现提供了基础条件。其次，通过对不同的专利商业化模式分析，其利用专利和评估专利价值方式的不同，厘清了不同的专利商业化模式对专利制度、专利市场以及创新体系的影响。专利市场中的主要参与者可以分为买方、卖方与中间商。其中专利集中者，授权/诉讼公司（PAEs，或称为专利主张实体）属于买方；私人公司（策略性卖出非核心专利）、个人发明者，以及中间商（包括私人经纪人、公开拍卖、线上交易与直接面对面交易）属于卖方。它们以不同的方式利用专利的价值，在专利市场中扮演着不同的角色，起着不同的作用——主要包括：积极地阻止其他的公司复制、生产、销售或许诺销售其产品、方法；在遭遇专利诉讼时，提出申辩抗诉；企业自身创新文化的彰显；向潜在的投资者展示公司保护核心竞争力、创新资产的强大能力。再次，专利商业化的行为模式，在国内外的发展程度。本文系统的分析了专利商业化的商业在美国目前的发展状况，以及现行抑制进攻专利集中模式的法案、案例的研究，具体分析进攻专利集中模式的行为模式；我国专利商业化的发展现状，以及提出在应对专利转移问题时，其对专利创新宗旨的影响，和可以借鉴的建议、方式。最后，本文还提出我国在规范专利商业化模式时的政策建议。针对专利转让、专利许可和专利战略，提出我国专利法律体系中，，应该予以增加、修改和完善之处，希望对我国专利商业化未来的发展，提供可借鉴之参考。
[Abstract]:In the commodity market, some assets are traded by many booming intermediaries, such as real estate, financial products, books and electronic equipment, and a variety of tangible goods.But intellectual property is different from these goods.The intellectual property market has long been considered the largest in economic activity, but its efficiency is the lowest.The reason for the high level of liquidity in the intellectual property market is obvious: intellectual property is invisible and difficult to accurately measure its value.In addition, both parties to the intellectual property market (inventors, patent owners, and operating companies or patent users, buyers) bear costly search, human, financial, and time costs.And the risk of patent litigation makes all potential participants extremely cautious about doing business.In this environment, there are many different modes of patent commercialization, including patent management mode, defense patent centralized mode and attack patent centralized mode, in which patent management mode makes the intellectual property market active.The mode of defending patent centralization enhances the transparency of patent value and effectively prevents the litigation claims of patent claims entity; attacking patent centralization mode runs counter to the mechanism of innovation in the patent market.To some extent, it hinders the enthusiasm of the participants in the patent market for sustained innovation.First of all, the complexity of patent value evaluation is obtained through dynamic analysis of current patent utilization mode and patent environment.The diversification of patent value provides the basic conditions for the emergence of many patent commercialization modes.Secondly, by analyzing the different modes of patent commercialization, the author clarifies the influence of different modes of patent commercialization on patent system, patent market and innovation system.The main participants in the patent market can be divided into buyers, sellers and middlemen.Among them, patent concentrators, authorized / litigant companies, or patent claims entities, belong to the buyer; private companies (strategic sale of non-core patents, individual inventors, and intermediaries (including private brokers) are publicly auctioned,Online transactions and direct face-to-face transactions) belong to the seller.They use the value of patents in different ways, play different roles and play different roles in the patent market, mainly including: actively preventing other companies from copying, producing, selling or promising to sell their products, methods;In the case of patent litigation, the author puts forward the defense and protest; demonstrates the innovation culture of the enterprise itself; and shows the potential investors the strong ability of the company to protect the core competitiveness and innovate assets.Thirdly, the behavior mode of patent commercialization is developed at home and abroad.This paper systematically analyzes the current development of commercial patent business in the United States, as well as the current law of restraining the attack patent centralized mode, the case study, the specific analysis of the attack patent centralized mode of behavior model;The present situation of the commercialization of patent in our country, and the influence on the aim of patent innovation in dealing with the problem of patent transfer, and the suggestions and ways that can be used for reference are put forward.Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions when standardizing the mode of patent commercialization in China.In view of patent transfer, patent license and patent strategy, this paper puts forward that the patent legal system of our country should be increased, modified and perfected, hoping to provide reference for the future development of the commercialization of patent in our country.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.42

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