论作为民事责任的赔礼道歉

发布时间：2018-04-23 08:27

本文选题：赔礼道歉 + 民事责任　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：赔礼道歉原本属于道德范畴，在人际交往中，有着缓解矛盾、解决纠纷、息事宁人的作用。我国民事法律独树一帜，将赔礼道歉作为非财产责任承担方式，与停止侵害、排除妨碍、赔偿损失等一并纳入民事责任体系中，使其具有了道德与法律的双重属性，成为可由国家强制力保证实施的责任形式。此举学界争议不断，但无论是对侵权人还是受害者来说，赔礼道歉都具有相当积极正向的功能。鉴于此，我们应当结合侵权法功能的转变趋势，思考如何在侵权法上对赔礼道歉制度进行更为合理的构建，，以期物尽其用，充分发挥其在社会治理方面的正向功能。根据这一思路，本文从四个部分展开论述：第一部分梳理了国内外关于赔礼道歉的相关规定，包括加拿大、美国、日本、韩国及台湾地区，这些规定包括但不限于成文法。这些国家（地区）的法律虽然对赔礼道歉有所规定，但均未像我国一样把赔礼道歉作为一种民事责任承担方式在法律中予以明确规定。第二部分从三个角度分析了赔礼道歉所具有的社会功能，从受害者角度看，赔礼道歉可以满足报复欲望，弥补心理创伤；从侵权人角度考察，赔礼道歉可以使其恢复良心平静，帮助其回归社会；从社会角度考察，赔礼道歉可以规范社会秩序，教育社会成员，促进纠纷解决。第三部分分析了侵权法由硬及软的转变趋势，以及赔礼道歉是如何在侵权法上实现其功能的，这些功能包括补偿、预防、惩罚、教育等。此外还从赔礼道歉角度分析了以民事责任承担方式多样化应对侵权法危机的可能性。第四部分是赔礼道歉制度在侵权法上的构建，合理设想赔礼道歉应然的状态。在法律效果设定上，切断赔礼道歉与自认的联系，将赔礼道歉与减轻责任相联系，以此来鼓励侵权人积极主动地向受害者作出道歉，从而缓解矛盾，促进纠纷解决，进而减少诉讼，节约诉讼资源，实现社会和谐。此外还探讨了赔礼道歉的适用范围，除了适用于侵害人格权、财产权和知识产权的案件之外，赔礼道歉还应该适用于包括官方侵权案件和大规模产品侵权案件在内的特殊案件类型，只要符合本文关于赔礼道歉功能预设的案件，均可适用赔礼道歉制度。这一部分是关于赔礼道歉制度在侵权法上的合理构想，以期能对赔礼道歉制度的完善有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Apology belongs to the category of morality. In interpersonal communication, it has the function of alleviating conflicts, resolving disputes and calming people down. The civil law of our country is unique, taking apology as the way of non-property liability, and bringing it into the civil liability system together with stopping the infringement, removing the obstruction and compensating for the loss, so that it has the dual attribute of morality and law. To become a form of responsibility that can be guaranteed by national enforcement. This action has been controversial in academic circles, but it has a positive and positive function for both the infringer and the victim. In view of this, we should consider how to construct the apology system in tort law in order to make the best use of it and give full play to its positive function in social governance. According to this idea, this paper discusses from four parts: The first part reviews the relevant domestic and international provisions on apology, including Canada, the United States, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, these provisions include, but not limited to statutory law. Although the laws of these countries (regions) provide for apology, it is not clearly stipulated in the law as a way to bear civil liability. The second part analyzes the social function of apology from three angles. From the perspective of victims, apology can satisfy the desire of revenge and make up for psychological trauma. From the perspective of the infringer, apology can restore peace of conscience. From the social point of view, apology can regulate social order, educate social members and promote dispute resolution. The third part analyzes the change trend of tort law from hard to soft, and how to realize its function in tort law by apology. These functions include compensation, prevention, punishment, education and so on. In addition, it analyzes the possibility of dealing with tort law crisis in the way of civil liability from the angle of apology. The fourth part is the construction of apology system in tort law, reasonable assumption of the state of apology. In the aspect of legal effect setting, we should cut off the connection between apology and self-admission, link apology with lightening responsibility, so as to encourage the infringer to take the initiative to apologize to the victim, so as to alleviate the contradiction and promote the settlement of the dispute. Then reduce litigation, save litigation resources, achieve social harmony. In addition, it discusses the scope of application of apology, except in cases of infringement of personal rights, property rights and intellectual property rights, Apology should also be applied to special cases, including official infringement cases and large-scale product infringement cases, so long as it meets the presupposition of the function of apology in this article, the system of apology can be applied. This part is about the reasonable conception of apology system in tort law, in order to be helpful to the perfection of apology system.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】