论破产管理人待履行合同解除权的限制

发布时间：2018-05-12 07:24

本文选题：破产管理人 + 解除权　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：破产管理人行使待履行合同解除权时应该遵守以下原则，即破产财产利益最大化原则、利益平衡原则、法律政策目标统一原则和必要性原则。在没有明确立法规定的情况下，破产管理人行使待履行合同解除权时应该分别对上述原则进行考察。破产财产利益最大化原则是破产法的一般性原则，破产管理人不得解除破产人作为债权人的单务合同即体现了该原则；利益平衡原则是美国破产法限制破产管理人待履行合同解除权行使的一项原则。我国也有学者主张将利益平衡原则作为限制破产管理人待履行合同解除权的一般原则，，所有权保留合同以及知识产权许可合同中破产管理人解除权所受到的限制即反映了利益平衡原则；法律政策目标统一原则是指在不违反其他原则的前提下，如果解除合同会使其他相关部门法的政策目标无法实现，则破产管理人不得解除合同，非债权合同、保证合同、租赁合同、劳动合同以及人寿保险合同中对破产管理人待履行合同解除权限制的规定均体现了这一原则；必要性原则是指破产管理人在行使待履行合同解除权之前，应考察解除合同是否是解决问题的唯一方法，如果可以采取其他方法处理当事人之间的关系而没有必要一定要行使解除权时，则不应行使解除权，“待履行合同范围”以及合同法可解除合同范围对管理人解除权的限制即属于这种情况。在法律没有明确规定的情况下，破产管理人行使待履行合同解除权时应该分别对上述原则进行考察。另外，破产管理人待履行合同解除权的行使还应该受以下几个方面的限制：第一，“待履行合同范围”对破产管理人待履行合同解除权的限制。“待履行合同”是指破产债务人和另一方当事人没有或没有完全履行的合同，当事人一方或双方履行完毕的合同不包含在“待履行合同范围”之内，破产管理人不得解除。“履行完毕”是指合同主给付义务和从给付义务都履行完毕。我国立法和理论上对“待履行合同范围”的界定基本采取上述标准，但是司法审判实践中却采用不同的标准，其判决的公正和合理性值得商榷。第二，合同法“可解除范围”对破产管理人待履行合同解除权的限制。合同法上不得予以解除的合同在破产法中应当仍然适用，即破产管理人不得解除破产人作为债权人的单务合同以及非债权合同。第三，合同的特殊类型对破产管理人待履行合同解除权的限制。其中包括保证合同、所有权保留合同、租赁合同、知识产权许可使用合同、劳动合同和人寿保险合同。在保证人破产的保证合同中，对保证人破产管理人待履行合同解除权的限制有利于同时实现破产法和担保法的政策目标；在出卖人破产的所有权保留合同中，对管理人解除权的限制有利于防止买受人遭到重大损失；对出租方破产的租赁合同管理人待履行合同解除权进行限制是破产法延续非破产法规则对租赁权特殊保护的结果；在许可人破产的知识产权许可使用合同中，对破产管理人待履行合同解除权进行限制是保护技术创新的需要；对劳动合同、人寿保险合同中的破产管理人待履行合同解除权进行限制是出于保护劳动者、被保险人的特殊目的。从我国破产管理人待履行合同解除权限制体系的角度看，保证合同、租赁合同、知识产权许可使用合同需要由司法解释进一步明确规定，以进一步完善我国的破产管理人待履行合同解除权限制体系。
[Abstract]:The bankruptcy administrator should abide by the following principles, namely, the principle of maximizing the interests of the bankruptcy property, the principle of balance of interests, the unified principle of the objective of the legal policy and the principle of necessity. In the absence of clear legislative provisions, the bankruptcy administrator should carry out the above principles respectively when the bankruptcy administrator exercises the cancellation of the contract. The principle of the maximum benefit of the bankruptcy property is the general principle of the bankruptcy law. The bankruptcy administrator can not relieve the bankruptcy person as a single contract of the creditor, which embodies the principle. The principle of interest balance is a principle that the bankruptcy law of the United States limits the bankruptcy administrator to exercise the right to discharge the contract. The principle of balance is the general principle that limits the bankruptcy administrator to discharge the right to discharge the contract. The restriction on the right to terminate the bankruptcy administrator in the contract of ownership and the right to rescind the bankruptcy administrator in the license contract of the intellectual property rights reflects the principle of balance of interests. The unified principle of the target of legal policy refers to the termination of the contract without contrary to the other principles. The policy objectives of other relevant department laws can not be realized, then the insolvency administrator may not cancel the contract, non creditor's rights contract, guarantee contract, lease contract, labor contract and life insurance contract, which embodies this principle for the insolvency administrator to fulfill the limitation of the right to cancel the contract; the principle of necessity refers to the insolvency administrator. Before the termination of the contract, it is necessary to examine whether the termination of the contract is the only way to solve the problem. If it is possible to take other methods to deal with the relationship between the parties without the need to exercise the termination of the contract, the right to rescind the contract should not be exercised. "The scope of the contract to be fulfilled" and the contract law can dissolve the scope of the contract to the manager. The restriction of the division of power is the case. When the law does not specify clearly, the bankruptcy administrator should examine the above principles separately when exercising the right to discharge the contract.
In addition, the exercise of the right to rescind the contract of the bankruptcy administrator should also be limited by the following aspects: first, "the scope of the contract to be fulfilled" limits the right of the bankruptcy administrator to discharge the contract. "The contract to be performed" means that the bankruptcy debtor and the other party do not have or have not fully performed the contract, one party to the party. The contract is not included in the scope of the contract to be fulfilled. The bankruptcy administrator shall not be relieved. "Completion of the contract" refers to the completion of the contract's main payment obligation and payment obligation. However, the justice and rationality of its judgment are questionable by the adoption of different standards. Second, the limitation of the "relieving scope" of the contract law on the right of the bankruptcy administrator to be discharged from the contract. The contract which can not be terminated in the contract law should still be applied in the bankruptcy law, that is, the bankruptcy administrator shall not remove the single contract of the bankrupt as the creditor. And the non creditor contract. Third, the special type of the contract limits the right of the insolvency administrator to discharge the contract. It includes the guarantee of the contract, the retention of title, the lease contract, the use of the intellectual property license, the labor contract and the life insurance contract. In the guarantee contract of the guarantor's bankruptcy, the guarantor of the bankruptcy administrator is to be performed. The limitation of the right to rescind the contract is conducive to the simultaneous realization of the policy objectives of the bankruptcy law and the guarantee law. In the contract of retention of title for the seller's bankruptcy, the limitation on the right to rescind the manager is beneficial to prevent the buyer from being subjected to major losses; the restriction on the right to rescind the contract manager for the lease contract of the lessor is the bankruptcy law. It is the result of the special protection of the leasehold by the rules of the non bankruptcy law; in the contract for the license to use the intellectual property rights of the Licensor, the limitation on the right of the bankruptcy administrator to be discharged from the contract is the need for the protection of the technological innovation; the limitation of the bankruptcy trustee in the life insurance contract, in the life insurance contract, is the limitation of the right to discharge the contract. In view of the special purpose of protecting the laborers and the insured, from the point of view of the limitation system of the rescission right of the bankruptcy administrator in China, the guarantee of the contract, the lease contract and the license for the use of intellectual property should be further defined by the judicial interpretation in order to further improve the system of the limit system for the termination of the contract by the bankruptcy administrator of our country.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.291.92;D923

【参考文献】