轨道交通车辆制动装置产品检测技术研究及检测设备研制

发布时间：2018-05-15 09:40

本文选题：踏面制动单元 + 试验台　；参考：《南京理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：踏面制动单元是空气制动系统中的执行机构,直接影响车辆的行车安全。因此需要对其进行强度试验、泄漏试验、调整量试验、制动力试验等多项性能测试。对踏面制动单元的性能测试试验种类繁多,过程复杂,而目前大部分踏面制动单元生产商和使用商都采用进口的试验设备,但这些智能化程度不高,加大了试验人员的工作强度,使试验数据的不确定度提升,并且成本高昂,因此为了提高试验效率,重要的是提升试验数据的可靠性以及准确性,需要设计一套具有自主知识产权的踏面制动单元测试系统以提高检测过程的自动化程度。本项目依据踏面制动单元的工作原理以及踏面制动单元的测试项目要求,研发设计了此踏面制动单元测试系统试验台。此试验台包括测试主机和操作控制台两部分,测试主机分为床身和电气柜,是踏面制动单元进行性能测试的主体部分。试验人员通过操作控制台控制测试主机对踏面制动单元进行性能测试。为了满足踏面制动单元测试系统的功能要求、生产要求、安全要求、可靠性要求以及多用途要求的基础上,在设计试验台时设置了三个运动的自由度,两个纵向运动和安装板的横向运动。两个纵向运动相互配合以实现制动器行程测试和行程补偿量测试,安装板的横向运动可以满足不同尺寸的制动单元安装后进行对中调节；试验台设置了两路独立的供气气路,可对制动单元的行驶制动缸和驻车制动缸一次性进行测试,提高了测试生产效率；试验台的试验压力调节范围广,可以满足各种低压和高压制动器的测试试验,气压调节采用高精度比例阀,高精度压力传感器和控制电路组成的闭环气压调节回路,压力调节精度高；控制部分和数据采集系统采用LabVIEW虚拟仪器平台,通过计算机进行测试过程的操作,数据采集、分析处理以及测试报告的打印,提高了系统的测试效率,配以高精度传感器提高了系统的测试精度；并且试验台设置了多重保护措施,确保操作人员的人身安全和测试系统的安全可靠运行,减少系统的故障。此踏面制动单元测试系统可实现对不同型号和规格踏面制动单元包括强度试验、气密性试验、行程试验、调整量试验、手动缓解试验、制动力试验在内的多项性能测试,这些测试只需试验人员通过操作控制面板来实现,极大地提高了测试效率,在高精度传感器的保证下使得测试数据的精度得到了保证。
[Abstract]:The tread brake unit is an actuator in the air brake system, which directly affects the vehicle safety. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a number of performance tests, such as strength test, leakage test, adjustment test, dynamic test and so on.
There are a wide variety of test tests on the performance of tread brake units, and the process is complex. At present, most of the manufacturers and operators of tread brake units use imported test equipment, but these intelligentized degree is not high, which increases the working strength of the experimenters, improves the uncertainty of the test data and has high cost. The test efficiency is important to improve the reliability and accuracy of the test data. It is necessary to design a set of tread brake unit testing system with independent intellectual property right to improve the automation of the testing process.
Based on the working principle of the tread brake unit and the test project requirements of the tread brake unit, this project has developed and designed the test system test system for the tread brake unit. The test platform includes two parts of the test host and the operating console. The test host is divided into the bed and the electric cabinet, which is the main part of the performance testing of the tread brake unit. The tester controls the test host's performance test on the tread brake unit through the operation console.
In order to meet the functional requirements of the tread brake unit test system, production requirements, safety requirements, reliability requirements and multipurpose requirements, three motion degrees of freedom, two longitudinal motion and lateral motion of the mounting plate are set up in the design test rig. Two longitudinal motions are matched to realize the brake stroke test and the testing of the brake. The lateral movement of the mounting plate can satisfy the adjustment of the brake unit with different sizes. The test bench sets two independent gas supply routes, which can test the driving brake cylinder and the parking brake cylinder in one time, and improve the test production efficiency; the test pressure adjustment of the test bed is adjusted. The range is wide, it can meet the test test of various low pressure and high pressure brakes, the pressure regulation adopts the high precision proportional valve, the high precision pressure sensor and the control circuit composed of the closed loop pressure regulating loop, the pressure adjustment precision is high, the control part and the data acquisition system use the LabVIEW virtual instrument platform, through the computer to carry on the test. The operation of the process, data collection, analysis and processing and the printing of test reports improve the efficiency of the system test, and improve the test precision of the system with a high precision sensor; and the test platform sets multiple protection measures to ensure the safety of the operator and the safe and reliable operation of the test system, and reduce the failure of the system.
The tread brake unit test system can implement a number of performance tests for different type and specification tread brake units, including strength test, air tightness test, stroke test, adjustment test, manual relief test, and dynamic test. These tests only need the test personnel to pass through the operation control panel to greatly improve the test. The accuracy of the test data is guaranteed by the high precision sensor.

【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U270.35;U270.7

【参考文献】