广东省科技贷款风险准备金问题分析

发布时间：2018-05-15 11:52

本文选题：风险补偿 + 科技贷款　；参考：《华南理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了鼓励银行给中小科技型企业贷款，广东省科技厅通过财政专项资金设立科技贷款风险准备金，以补贴银行的方式鼓励银行给中小科技企业贷款。因此，科技贷款风险准备金属于财政资金间接补贴贷款给中小科技企业的银行的风险贷款损失，它的发放与银行贷款形成了风险分担机制，从而使银行贷款给急需发展的科技型中小企业。本文的研究，对于缓解我国中小科技型企业银行融资难的困境，有着一定的理论价值；同时对广东省科技贷款风险准备金具体做法的剖析，可以发现在运用财政资金补贴银行过程中存在的问题并加以改进和优化，，对于广东省发展科技金融，也有着一定的现实意义。本文基于广东省科技贷款风险准备金这一视角探讨广东省在发展科技金融的过程中如何解决科技型中小企业银行融资难的问题以及存在的瓶颈。首先，第二章详细介绍了广东省科技贷款风险准备金项目的操作流程、取得成果，并根据在广东省生产力促进中心取得的数据资料进行整理分析，详细阐述了该风险准备金项目存在的三个问题：不生产物质产品的科技企业参与度不高、支持的科技贷款类型少（不含知识产权质押贷款）、该风险准备金项目的示范效应大于实际效应；接下来分析了导致这三个问题的最根本原因是在于政府风险意识强，缺乏选择项目的自主权，担心贷款银行和借款企业合谋骗取财政补贴的风险准备金。正是因为政府有这样的顾虑，并且政府在选择项目上没有自主权，只是单方面地接收合作银行推荐的项目，这样一来，银行越过政府决定项目的去留，政府对银行推荐的项目没有调查，没有审核，只会加深疑虑，导致广东省科技贷款风险准备金项目被动地将有发展前景的第三产业的科技企业与知识产权质押贷款拒之门外；也正是由于政府的顾虑，才会导致省科技厅提供的风险准备金规模和风险补偿比例不具吸引力，没有加大宣传力度，迈不开步子，导致该项目的示范效应大于实际效应。同时，本文通过建立基于合谋作假的政府、银行、企业三方博弈模型，分析了政府掌握项目选择主动权并审核项目的必要性，推断出如何加大政府选择项目的主动权是解决问题的关键。其次，第三章对目前山东省、江苏苏州市、上海浦东新区利用财政专项资金对科技贷款进行风险补偿的做法进行介绍，并将其与广东省科技贷款风险准备金项目进行比较分析，总结出该项目应当在项目审批流程上向苏州与上海做法学习与借鉴。最后，第四章根据第二、三章的分析，提出完善该项目的关键应从打消政府的顾虑下手：加大政府对项目的自主选择权，采取以政府推荐项目为主，合作银行推荐项目为辅，并根据推荐方多承担风险原则确定浮动风险补偿比例：政府推荐项目按基准风险补偿比例基础上适量上浮，银行推荐项目按基准风险补偿比例适量下浮或维持不变；同时从防范金融风险，健全信息沟通方面提出对策。
[Abstract]:In order to encourage banks to lend to small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, the Guangdong provincial science and Technology Department set up a risk reserve for science and technology loans through special financial funds to subsidize banks to encourage banks to lend to small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises. Therefore, the risk reserve of scientific and technological loans belongs to the risk of indirect subsidy loans from financial funds to the banks of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises. The loan loss, its distribution and the bank loan form a risk sharing mechanism, so that the bank loan to the urgent development of the technology type small and medium enterprises. This paper has a certain theoretical value for alleviating the difficult position of financing difficulties in small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in China. At the same time, the concrete practice of the risk reserve for scientific and technological loans in Guangdong province is also made. It can be found that the problems that exist in the process of applying financial funds to subsidize the banks can be improved and optimized. It also has some practical significance for the development of science and technology finance in Guangdong province.
Based on the view of Guangdong province science and technology loan risk reserve, this paper discusses how to solve the problems and bottlenecks of financing difficulties in scientific and technological SMEs in the process of developing science and technology finance in Guangdong province. First, the second chapter introduces the operation process of Guangdong science and technology loan risk preparation project in detail, and obtains the results and bases on it. The data obtained from the Guangdong Productivity Promotion Center are analyzed and analyzed in detail, and the three problems of the risk reserve project are described in detail: the low participation degree of the scientific and technological enterprises that do not produce material products, the less types of scientific loans supported by the science and Technology (without intellectual property mortgage loan), the demonstration effect of the risk reserve project is greater than that of the real one. The most fundamental reason for the three problems is the strong sense of government risk, the lack of autonomy in the choice of the project, the fear of the risk reserve of loan banks and borrowers to conspire to cheat the financial subsidies. In this way, the projects recommended by the cooperative banks are received. In this way, the bank has passed the government's decision to decide the project. The government has not investigated the projects recommended by the bank, and it will only deepen the doubt. The Guangdong science and technology loan risk reserve project will passively pledge the technology enterprise and intellectual property pledge of the third industry with the foreground. It is because of the government's concerns that the scale of risk reserve and the proportion of risk compensation provided by the Provincial Department of science and technology are not attractive. There is no increase in publicity and no step, which leads to the demonstration effect of the project is greater than the actual effect. At the same time, the government, bank, and enterprise based on conspiracy are established. The three party game model analyzes the necessity of the government to master the initiative and audit the project, and deduces how to increase the initiative of the government to choose the project is the key to solve the problem.
Secondly, the third chapter introduces the practice of using the financial special funds in Shandong, Jiangsu Suzhou city and Shanghai Pudong New Area to make use of the financial special funds to make the risk compensation of the scientific and technological loan, and compares it with the science and technology loan risk reserve project of Guangdong Province, and concludes that the project should learn from Suzhou and Shanghai in the project approval process. And the reference.
Finally, the fourth chapter, according to the analysis of the second, third chapter, puts forward that the key to the improvement of the project should be from the concern of eliminating the government: increasing the government's independent choice of the project, taking the government recommended projects as the main, the recommended project of the cooperative bank as the auxiliary, and determining the floating risk compensation proportion according to the risk principle of the recommended Party: government push The recommended items float on the basis of the proportion of the benchmark risk compensation, and the recommended projects are floating or maintained in accordance with the proportion of the base risk compensation. At the same time, the countermeasures are put forward to prevent the financial risk and improve the information communication.

【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.46

【参考文献】