八达岭塔式太阳能热电站热经济性分析

发布时间：2018-08-15 12:44

【摘要】：近年来太阳能热发电技术正成为世界范围内可再生能源领域的热点,大量实验和运行数据证明了其技术可行性和商业应用前景。为掌握具有自主知识产权的高效能、低成本、商业化、大规模太阳能塔式热发电站的关键技术,科技部在“十一五”期间设立863计划重点项目——太阳能热发电技术及系统示范。由于塔式太阳能热发电是一个新兴的复杂热力系统,目前还鲜见有文章对其进行综合的热力学和经济学的评价。本文首先基于现有的电站仿真系统获得了八达岭电站变工况下的运行参数,建立了电站各子系统火用分析模型,计算了设计工况及变工况下电站主要设备及子系统的火用效率,分析了火用损失产生的部位及原因。然后,本文基于热经济学结构理论,同时考虑系统所处的物理环境和经济环境,建立了更高层次的热经济学模型。根据热经济学结构理论的经典步骤,本文定义了八达岭电站的物理结构、生产结构和各组元的“燃料-产品”,列出了反映系统各组元之间相互作用的KP矩阵,建立了各组元火用成本模型和热经济成本模型。在此基础上,计算了设计工况下、有无储能系统及多个非设计工况下系统各组元的单位火用和单位热经济学成本,分析了成本分布的规律及组件成本过高的原因。从火用分析结果来看,电站总体上热效率和火用效率不高。吸热器是整个系统中火用损率最大的部件,定日镜的火用效率由其光学效率决定。太阳直射辐射强度越大,电站总的热效率和火用效率越高。从热经济学分析结果来看,八达岭电站终端产品的火用成本只有常规电站的5%,全生命周期的热经济性成本不足常规火电站的10%；太阳辐照强度在接近设计工况时,成本最低,与设计工况偏离越远,成本越高；随着充热过程的进行,储能系统的火用成本和热经济学成本逐渐降低,电站终端产品的火用成本和热经济学成本几乎不变；放热过程中成本变化规律与此相似。分析结果对以后太阳能热电站运行、上网电价的确定、生产效率的提高、系统优化、故障诊断都有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, solar thermal power generation technology is becoming a hot spot in the field of renewable energy worldwide. A large number of experimental and operational data have proved its technical feasibility and commercial application prospects. In order to master the key technologies of high efficiency, low cost, commercial and large-scale solar tower thermal power station with independent intellectual property, The Ministry of Science and Technology set up a key project of the 863 Program-Solar Thermal Power Generation Technology and system demonstration during the 11th five-year Plan. As the tower solar thermal power generation is a new complex thermodynamic system, there are few articles to evaluate it synthetically in thermodynamics and economics. In this paper, based on the existing power station simulation system, the operating parameters of Badaling Hydropower Station are obtained, the exergy analysis models of each subsystem are established, and the exergy efficiency of the main equipment and subsystems is calculated under the design condition and the variable working condition. The location and cause of exergy loss are analyzed. Then, based on the structure theory of thermoeconomics and considering the physical and economic environment of the system, a higher level thermoeconomic model is established. According to the classical steps of thermoeconomics structure theory, this paper defines the physical structure, production structure and "fuel-product" of each component of Badaling Hydropower Station, and lists the KP matrix reflecting the interaction between each component of the system. The exergy cost model and thermal economic cost model were established. On this basis, the unit exergy and unit thermoeconomics cost of each component of the system under the design condition, whether there are energy storage systems or not, are calculated, and the law of cost distribution and the reasons for the excessive cost of components are analyzed. From the result of exergy analysis, the overall thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of the power station are not high. The heat absorber is the largest component in the whole system, and the exergy efficiency of the sunspot mirror is determined by its optical efficiency. The higher the direct solar radiation intensity, the higher the total thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency. According to the results of thermoeconomics analysis, the exergy cost of the terminal product of Badaling Hydropower Station is only 5% of that of the conventional power station, and the thermal economic cost of the whole life cycle is less than that of the conventional thermal power station, and the solar radiation intensity is the lowest when the solar radiation intensity is close to the design condition. The farther the deviation from the design condition, the higher the cost, the exergy cost and thermoeconomics cost of energy storage system decrease gradually, and the exergy cost and thermoeconomics cost of terminal product of power station are almost unchanged. The law of cost variation in exothermic process is similar to this. The analysis results have certain guiding significance for the operation of solar thermal power station, the determination of electricity price, the improvement of production efficiency, the optimization of system and the fault diagnosis.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TM615

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