基因的可专利性研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 08:36

【摘要】：生物科技和基因技术的发展日新月异。基因技术在日常生产生活中的应用日益广泛,其对全球经济结构的形成和利益格局调整的影响日渐深刻。2005年被誉为生命科学“登月计划”的人类基因组计划的完成,显示出了生物科技发展水平的显著提高,并暗示出基因科技蕴含的巨大发展潜力。然而基因是否具有可专利性一直在法律界和生物科技领域存在多年的争议。2010年Myriad案被誉为美国10大专利商标案之首。2013年Myriad案在基因可专利性的问题上再次引起轩然大波。这起案件经过初审、二审、再审,案情一波三折可谓跌宕起伏,其最终的判决结果对学术界和产业界都具有深远的影响。所以从Myriad案入手研究基因的可专利性具有重要的现实意义,同时对我国基因的专利保护也具有借鉴意义。本文共分为六个部分。第一部分是引言。这部分主要介绍论文的选题背景及其意义。第二部分介绍Myriad案的基本案情及其引发的争论焦点。第三部分介绍基因可专利性的发展历史。基因的作为专利客体的发展随着基因技术的进步被划分为三个历史时期。第四部分是人工合成基因的具体区分标准。这部分是论文的重点。首先分析区分“发现”和“发明”的意义,然后介绍区分“发现”和“发明”的新标准,最后分析人工合成基因的具体区分标准。第五部分是Myriad案对基因专利保护的启示。这部分包括两方面内容,一是Myriad案对美国专利立法的影响,二是由此引发的基因专利的国际趋势对我国的立法司法的影响。第六部分是结语。本部分对选题的研究思路进行了梳理,对笔者的观点进行了总结。
[Abstract]:Biotechnology and gene technology are developing with each passing day. The application of genetic technology in daily life is becoming more and more extensive, and its influence on the formation of global economic structure and the adjustment of interest pattern is becoming more and more profound. The completion of the Human Genome Project, known as the "lunar landing project" in 2005, It shows the remarkable improvement of the development level of biotechnology and implies the great development potential of genetic science and technology. However, the patentability of genes has been controversial for many years in the legal and biotechnology fields. The 2010 Myriad case was hailed as the top 10 patent trademark cases in the United States. The 2013 Myriad case caused another uproar on the issue of gene patentability. After the first trial, the second trial, the retrial, the case can be described as ups and downs, its final decision has a profound impact on academia and industry. So it is of great significance to study the patentability of genes from the Myriad case and also to the patent protection of genes in China. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part is the introduction. This part mainly introduces the background and significance of this paper. The second part introduces the basic facts of the Myriad case and the focus of the controversy. The third part introduces the history of gene patentability. The development of gene as a patented object is divided into three historical periods with the progress of gene technology. The fourth part is the specific criteria for the differentiation of synthetic genes. This part is the focus of the paper. The significance of distinguishing between "discovery" and "invention" is analyzed, then the new standards of distinguishing "discovery" and "invention" are introduced, and the specific criteria for distinguishing synthetic genes are analyzed. The fifth part is the enlightenment of Myriad case to gene patent protection. This part includes two aspects: one is the influence of Myriad case on American patent legislation, the other is the influence of the international trend of gene patent on the legislation and judicature of our country. The sixth part is the conclusion. This part of the topic of the research ideas were combed, the author's point of view was summarized.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D910;D971.2;DD913;D923.42

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