基于知识管理的IT企业人才流失及对策研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 19:29

【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,科技的迅猛发展,技术的日新月异,离不开IT企业对整个社会乃至全人类所做的卓越贡献,而IT企业的生存发展严重依赖知识资源。作为创造并持有企业知识资源的IT员工,是IT企业创新的动力来源。然而,由于IT企业具有知识密度大、产品周期短,创新要求高等一系列内在特点,其人才流失问题对企业造成的影响要远大于传统企业,其影响波及的速度也更快,危害程度也更大。近几年来,人才流失率在IT企业居高不下,企业对此深感困惑、无计可施,苦于找不出有效的应对手段,企业经常使用的传统激励、约束手段也越来越难以凑效。新的形势,要求IT企业必须开辟新的视角,重新审视IT企业内部人才流失问题,减少或避免因人才流失对IT企业造成的重大损失。本文在阅读、研究大量人才流失及知识管理理论的基础上,分析研究运用知识管理来解决IT企业人才流失问题的重要性。试图从一个全新的视角,重新审视IT企业人才流失现状、IT企业知识管理现状、以及知识管理现状对IT企业造成的重大影响。通过对IT企业人才流失原因、IT企业知识管理现状及人才流失对IT企业影响的问卷调查,使用数理统计工具对调查的数据进行了深入分析,试图探讨IT企业知识管理现状、人才流失原因及影响间的相互关系。通过因子分析法,本文提取了能够反映IT企业知识管理现状的两大因素以及人才流失对IT企业造成的三大影响。本文研究数据及结果表明,人才流失对IT企业损害影响主要有以下三大方面：(1)对IT企业信誉的影响；(2)对内部员工心理稳定的影响；(3)对企业内部运转效率的影响。通过数据分析还能发现：IT企业在内部知识共享硬件建设及知识共享活动开展两方面表现比较悲观。这直接反映出IT企业留驻知识能力的欠缺。针对这些问题,本文认为：人才流失问题对于IT企业虽然不可避免,但维护知识资源却能挖掘出巨大潜力,进而提出了人才流失给企业造成损害影响,应如何应对的三大手段：(1)维护IT企业内部的知识网络,疏通内部知识的传递渠道,将个人显性及隐性知识转化为企业内部知识或组织知识,促进良性循环。(2)基于知识共享的IT企业文化重塑,其中包括软件环境建设与硬件环境建设；(3)加强体制约束、完善保障体系,加强对知识产权的保护,通过对IT企业的制度进行完善,并借助法律武器,来有效防止企业知识的外泄,避免或者减小IT企业损失。
[Abstract]:Since entering the 21st century, the rapid development of science and technology and the rapid development of technology can not be separated from the outstanding contributions made by IT enterprises to the whole society and even to all mankind. However, the survival and development of IT enterprises depend heavily on knowledge resources. As a IT employee who creates and holds enterprise knowledge resources, it is the power source of IT enterprise innovation. However, because IT enterprises have a series of inherent characteristics, such as high knowledge density, short product cycle, high innovation requirements and so on, the problem of brain drain has a much greater impact on enterprises than traditional enterprises, and the impact is also faster. The danger is also greater. In recent years, the rate of talent wastage in IT enterprises is high, enterprises are perplexed, unable to find effective coping means, and the traditional incentive and restraint means often used by enterprises are becoming more and more difficult to make use of. The new situation requires IT enterprises to open up a new perspective, re-examine the problem of brain drain in IT enterprises, and reduce or avoid the heavy losses caused by brain drain to IT enterprises. On the basis of reading and studying the theory of massive brain drain and knowledge management, this paper analyzes the importance of applying knowledge management to solve the problem of IT enterprise brain drain. From a new angle of view, this paper attempts to re-examine the brain drain in IT enterprises and the current situation of knowledge management in IT enterprises, as well as the significant impact of knowledge management on IT enterprises. Through the questionnaire survey on the reasons for the brain drain in IT enterprises and the impact of the brain drain on IT enterprises, this paper makes a deep analysis of the survey data by using mathematical statistical tools, and attempts to probe into the present situation of knowledge management in IT enterprises. The relationship between the causes and effects of brain drain. Through factor analysis, this paper extracts two factors which can reflect the current situation of knowledge management in IT enterprises and the three influences of brain drain on IT enterprises. The data and results of this paper show that the impact of brain drain on IT enterprises is mainly as follows: (1) the impact on the reputation of IT enterprises; (2) the impact on the psychological stability of internal employees; (3) the impact on the internal operating efficiency of enterprises. Through data analysis, we can also find that the two aspects of internal knowledge sharing hardware construction and knowledge sharing activities are rather pessimistic. This directly reflects the lack of knowledge ability of IT enterprises. In view of these problems, this paper holds that the problem of brain drain is inevitable for IT enterprises, but the maintenance of knowledge resources can excavate great potential, and then puts forward that the brain drain will cause harm to enterprises. How to deal with the three major measures: (1) maintain the knowledge network within the IT enterprise, dredge the internal knowledge transmission channels, and transform the individual explicit and tacit knowledge into the internal knowledge or organizational knowledge; (2) rebuilding the corporate culture of IT based on knowledge sharing, including the construction of software environment and hardware environment; (3) strengthening the institutional constraints, perfecting the safeguard system, and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights, By perfecting the system of IT enterprises and with the aid of legal weapons, we can effectively prevent the leakage of enterprise knowledge and avoid or reduce the loss of IT enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F272.92

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