液压铆接系统的设计与应用

发布时间：2018-12-09 15:17

【摘要】：随着国民经济的不断发展及金属等基础研究工作的不断深入,金属塑性变形工具也在不断的发展和完善。最早的铆钉是木制或骨制的小栓钉,相当于今天的插销或楔子,这种铆接形式可以叫做榫卯；最早金属变形体应该就是我们今天知道的铆钉的雏形。最原始的铆接是通过捶打使金属发生变形来完成的,随着金属应用技术的逐步发展,尤其是工业化生产的进步,铆钉及铆接工具也在不断变化中。早期的铆接机是通过曲柄或凸轮的运动来实现的；蒸汽动力铆接机的出现使铆接逐步摆脱了机械式铆接,风压铆接慢慢地代替了蒸汽铆接。最初的液压铆接是靠液压冲击进行铆接的,当时液压系统的压力无法维持在稳定的水平,压力的衰减十分严重,因此其铆接不可持续。真正的液压铆接系统是由英国的拉尔夫先生开发出了的,配重式蓄能器的运用解决了压力稳定的问题,使铆接可以持续进行。液压铆接装备是让拉铆钉在作用力与反作用力原理下实现金属塑性变形的原动力装置。我国自20世纪80年代引进国外液压铆接技术,主要应用在军工及航空等领域。随着军民两用技术的转换,在90年代液压铆接技术开始应用在建筑、桥梁、汽车铁路等领域。为了消化吸收引进技术,跟随世界上的先进技术与发展。部分企业开始自主生产液压铆接装备,但主要还是在模仿及液压系统集成上下工夫；因此我们的液压系统跟西欧发达国家同类装备直接有很大的差距。我国的液压铆接装备在制造过程中目前还处在模仿阶段,具有自主知识产权的产品不多。由于是模仿设计,我们的产品无法实现快速超越,产品质量的稳定性需要提高。本课题对液压铆接原理进行了介绍,并根据16毫米拉铆钉的力学性能,结合现有的液压装备,通过优化和改进,设计出的一台液压铆接装备；包含液压泵站的设计以及铆接器的设计。液压铆接装备是在综合各方面因素及实际使用状况的基础上,完成液压系统的总体方案设计以及铆接系统使用工况下的应用设计工作。在总体设计方案的基础上,完成液压控制系统的设计,对铆接器悬挂装置以及走行机构进行了设计；制定液压系统基本方案和绘制液压系统图；创新性的将油箱与液压泵和电动机进行了融合设计,使油箱镶嵌在电动机内部,从而最大限度地减小了泵站的体积。过拉脱力试验和横向振动试验来验证设计的液压泵站的使用性能均满足生产设计要求,同时对泵站的使用和维护提出了建设性的意见。
[Abstract]:With the development of national economy and the development of basic research such as metals, metal plastic deformation tools have been developed and perfected. The earliest rivets were small studs of wood or bone, equivalent to today's sockets or wedges, a form of riveting called tenon and tenon; the earliest metamorphic form should be the rudimentary form of rivets as we know them today. The original riveting is completed by beating the metal to deform the metal. With the gradual development of metal application technology, especially the progress of industrial production, rivets and riveting tools are constantly changing. The early riveting machine was realized by the movement of crank or cam. The appearance of steam power riveting machine made riveting gradually get rid of mechanical riveting and wind pressure riveting slowly replaced steam riveting. The initial hydraulic riveting was riveted by hydraulic impact. At that time, the pressure of hydraulic system could not be maintained at a stable level, and the pressure attenuation was very serious, so the riveting was not sustainable. The real hydraulic riveting system was developed by Mr. Ralph of England. The use of counterweight accumulator solves the problem of pressure stability and allows riveting to continue. Hydraulic riveting equipment is the primary power device for metal plastic deformation under the principle of action force and reaction force. Foreign hydraulic riveting technology has been introduced into China since 1980's, which is mainly used in military industry and aviation. With the conversion of dual-use technology, hydraulic riveting technology began to be applied in the fields of construction, bridge, automobile and railway in the 1990s. In order to digest and absorb the imported technology, follow the advanced technology and development in the world. Some enterprises began to produce hydraulic riveting equipment by themselves, but mainly in imitation and hydraulic system integration, so our hydraulic system is directly different from the similar equipment in western European developed countries. The hydraulic riveting equipment in our country is still in the imitation stage, and there are few products with independent intellectual property right. Because of imitating design, our products can not achieve rapid transcendence, and the stability of product quality needs to be improved. The principle of hydraulic riveting is introduced, and a hydraulic riveting equipment is designed according to the mechanical properties of 16mm rivets and combined with the existing hydraulic equipment through optimization and improvement. Includes hydraulic pump station design and riveting device design. Hydraulic riveting equipment is based on synthesizing all aspects of factors and actual application conditions to complete the overall scheme design of hydraulic system and the application design of riveting system under working conditions. On the basis of the overall design scheme, the hydraulic control system is designed, the riveting hanger and the running mechanism are designed, the basic scheme of the hydraulic system and the drawing of the hydraulic system diagram are worked out. The innovative design of oil tank, hydraulic pump and motor is designed to make the tank embedded in the motor, thus reducing the volume of pump station to the maximum extent. The performance of the designed hydraulic pump station is verified by the pull-off force test and the lateral vibration test, and some constructive suggestions are put forward for the use and maintenance of the pump station.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TG938

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