生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享国家立法的重要问题

发布时间：2019-01-28 21:01

【摘要】：2014年10月12日《生物多样性公约关于获取遗传资源和公正公平分享其利用所产生惠益的名古屋议定书》(简称《名古屋议定书》)的正式生效标志着它已进入全面实施阶段。《名古屋议定书》在国家层面的有效实施需要国家立法提供保障。本文从法律地位、术语与定义、获取与审批、后续监管、跟踪监测等方面探讨了获取与惠益分享(access and benefit-sharing,ABS)国家立法需要深入研究的问题,提出获取与惠益分享国家立法应与现有法律法规协同增效,明确生物遗传资源及相关传统知识所有权,区别商业与非商业获取;增加术语与定义以厘清概念,并促进某些条款的可操作性;明确ABS主管当局、资源主管部门和获取审批材料清单,获取申请的准予形式和内容,实行分类管理与审批获取活动,在鼓励科研的同时有效规范和监管商业开发的获取行为,特别是获取出境行为,同时要考虑特殊情形的获取管理;通过遵守证书从提供国和使用国的角度进行后续监管;保留获取样品凭证,建立检查点对获取、利用、知识产权等各个环节进行跟踪监测,以确保获取与惠益分享国家法律的有效实施。
[Abstract]:The entry into force on 12 October 2014 of the Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from its utilization (referred to as the Nagoya Protocol) marks the beginning of its completion The effective implementation of Nagoya Protocol at the national level needs to be guaranteed by national legislation. In this paper, the legal status, terminology and definition, acquisition and approval, follow-up supervision, follow-up monitoring and other aspects of access and benefit-sharing (access and benefit-sharing,ABS) national legislation need to be further studied. It was suggested that national legislation on access and benefit-sharing should be synergistic with existing laws and regulations to clarify the ownership of biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge and to distinguish between commercial and non-commercial access; The addition of terms and definitions to clarify concepts and facilitate the operationalization of certain provisions; Make clear the competent authority of ABS, the department in charge of resources and obtain the list of examination and approval materials, obtain the form and content of the approval of the application, carry out classified management and examination and approval activities, encourage scientific research and effectively standardize and supervise the acquisition behavior of commercial development at the same time, In particular, the behavior of obtaining exit should be taken into account in the administration of acquisition under special circumstances; (B) Follow-up control from the point of view of the provider and the user State through compliance with the certificate; Retention of sample certificates, establishment of checkpoints to track and monitor access, utilization, intellectual property, etc., to ensure effective implementation of national laws on access and benefit-sharing.
【作者单位】：环境保护部南京环境科学研究所;中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院;
【基金】：环境保护部生物多样性保护专项
【分类号】：D996.9

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