我国稀土资源开发利用的环境成本及空间差异特征

发布时间：2018-10-12 11:25

【摘要】：稀土开发利用环境成本核算对于我国稀土定价机制改革具有重要参考价值.利用污染普查中的典型企业、稀土年鉴等多种数据源,基于环境治理成本法,核算了2013年我国三大稀土矿区冶炼污染物产生量及环境治理成本(注:涉及"全国"的各要素范围均未包含港澳台地区),并分析了其空间分布特征.结果表明:(1)我国稀土冶炼污染物空间分布特征为北方包头混合型稀土矿以大气污染为主,南方离子型稀土矿以水污染为主,尤其是氨氮污染严重.(2)2013年,我国稀土冶炼环境成本总计为28 729×10~4元,其中废水、废气和固体废物的环境成本分别为49.8%、19.0%和31.2%.我国稀土冶炼环境成本92.9%集中在北方轻稀土矿区,7.1%在南方离子型稀土矿区.(3)我国稀土冶炼环境代价高,尤其是北方轻稀土矿.包头混合型矿单位稀土氧化物冶炼的环境成本为4 135元/t,占氧化铈和氧化镧市场价格的38.8%和41.4%左右,南方离子型稀土矿单位稀土氧化物冶炼的环境成本为2 824元/t,占氧化钇市场价格10.9%.
[Abstract]:The environmental cost accounting of rare earth exploitation and utilization has important reference value for the reform of rare earth pricing mechanism in China. Using a variety of data sources, such as typical enterprises in pollution survey, rare earth yearbooks, etc., based on the cost method of environmental control, In 2013, the production of pollutants and the cost of environmental treatment in the three major rare earth mining areas in China were calculated, and the spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results show that: (1) the spatial distribution of rare earth pollutants in China is mainly caused by air pollution in northern Baotou mixed rare earth ore, and in southern ionic rare earth ore, especially in ammonia nitrogen pollution. (2) in 2013, the pollution of rare earth ore in Baotou is serious. The environmental cost of rare earth smelting in China is 28 729 脳 10 ~ (4) Yuan, among which the environmental cost of waste water, waste gas and solid waste is 49. 8% and 31. 2% respectively. The environmental cost of rare earth smelting in China is 92.9% in the northern light rare earth mining area and 7.1% in the southern ion rare earth mining area. (3) the environmental cost of rare earth smelting in China is high, especially in the northern light rare earth mine. The environmental cost of rare earth oxide smelting per unit of Baotou mixed ore is 4 135 yuan / t, which accounts for 38.8% and 41.4% of the market price of cerium oxide and lanthanum oxide. The environmental cost of rare earth oxide smelting is 2 824 yuan / t, which accounts for 10.9% of the market price of yttrium oxide.
【作者单位】：环境保护部环境规划院;中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41371533) 国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201309043) 中国博士后科学基金(2016M590164)
【分类号】：F426;X196

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