完善中俄能源合作机制研究

发布时间：2018-11-20 16:44

【摘要】：中国作为世界第一大能源消费国,油气进口依存度逐年提高。为保障能源消费和进口安全,需要扩大传统能源进口渠道。俄罗斯近几年面临欧债危机、欧美制裁和卢布大幅度波动,对其能源出口和国内经济稳定性造成一定程度的影响,寻求新的能源出口市场,扩大能源出口规模,是俄罗斯摆脱目前经济困境的必要途径。虽然中俄能源合作对促进两国经济发展和保障国家经济安全至关重要,是互利共赢的合作项目,但在合作过程中仍然存在一些摩擦和问题,相关机制也存在缺陷。因此,加强对中俄能源合作机制的完善,能够让两国在能源合作实际操作过程中,针对不同问题制定出有针对性的解决方案,推动两国能源合作向纵深化发展,为双方共同应对全球能源环境的不断变化提供指导,有效保护两国根本利益。通过对中俄能源合作的发展过程进行研究可以看出,中国和俄罗斯在能源合作初期的政策导向和供需情况存在差异,进展较为缓慢,随着两国国际能源地位及能源战略发生变化,能源合作的速度和规模得以快速提升。但是,在中俄能源合作水平不断提升的同时,由于两国能源战略和法律法规存在差异,导致两国在能源合作项目谈判机制、利益协调机制和法律保障机制的制定和实施过程中存在诸多问题和不足。所以,双方需结合各自具有的优势资源和当前能源市场宏观环境,从政府和企业两个层面制定相应的解决对策,保障两国能源合作顺利进行。利用文献分析法对国内外相关文献及数据进行整理和分析发现,中俄能源合作法律保障机制存在相关立法不系统、法律效力不足等问题。所以,两国立法部门应该借鉴国际能源组织成熟的法律体系结构,以设立争端解决机构等方式发挥法律效力,为其他能源合作机制提供法律支撑。根据逻辑分析法对中俄能源合作机制框架及运行进行分析和描述。通过规范分析法对中俄已存在的能源合作项目进行研究发现,中俄能源合作项目谈判机制存在贸易模式单一和谈判地位不平等问题,利益协调机制也存在市场利益碰撞和潜在摩擦风险。因此,两国政府应进行全方位交流,充分认清双方共同的利益诉求,利用现有条件为能源企业提供稳定的制度保障,利用上合组织等对话平台,为完善中俄能源合作机制制定切实可行的改进方案,推动两国能源合作全产业链一体化发展。
[Abstract]:As the world's largest energy consumer, China's oil and gas import dependence has increased year by year. In order to ensure energy consumption and import security, we need to expand the traditional energy import channels. In recent years, Russia has faced the European debt crisis, the sanctions from Europe and the United States and the sharp fluctuations in the rouble have had a certain impact on its energy exports and domestic economic stability. It has sought a new energy export market and expanded the scale of energy exports. It is a necessary way for Russia to get out of its current economic predicament. Although Sino-Russian energy cooperation is very important to promote the economic development of the two countries and safeguard national economic security, it is a mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation project, but there are still some frictions and problems in the process of cooperation, and the relevant mechanisms also have defects. Therefore, strengthening the improvement of the mechanism of energy cooperation between China and Russia can enable the two countries to formulate targeted solutions to different problems in the practical operation of energy cooperation, so as to promote the development of energy cooperation between the two countries in depth. To provide guidance for both sides to deal with the changing global energy environment and effectively protect the fundamental interests of both countries. Through the study of the development process of Sino-Russian energy cooperation, we can see that there are differences in the policy orientation and supply and demand situation between China and Russia in the initial stage of energy cooperation, and the progress is relatively slow. With the change of international energy status and energy strategy, the speed and scale of energy cooperation have been rapidly improved. However, while the level of Sino-Russian energy cooperation is constantly improving, due to differences in energy strategies, laws and regulations between the two countries, this has led to the negotiation mechanism of energy cooperation projects between the two countries. There are many problems and deficiencies in the establishment and implementation of interest coordination mechanism and legal safeguard mechanism. Therefore, both sides should make corresponding solutions from the two levels of government and enterprise in order to ensure the smooth progress of energy cooperation between the two countries by combining their respective superior resources and the current macro environment of energy market. Based on the literature analysis, it is found that there are some problems in the legal protection mechanism of Sino-Russian energy cooperation, such as the legislation is not systematic and the legal effect is insufficient. Therefore, the legislative departments of the two countries should draw lessons from the mature legal system structure of the International Energy Organization and provide legal support for other energy cooperation mechanisms by means of establishing dispute settlement bodies and so on. According to logic analysis, the framework and operation of Sino-Russian energy cooperation mechanism are analyzed and described. Through the normative analysis of the existing energy cooperation projects between China and Russia, it is found that the negotiation mechanism of energy cooperation projects between China and Russia has the problems of single trade model and unequal negotiating status. Interest coordination mechanism also exists market interest collision and potential friction risk. Therefore, the two governments should conduct all-round exchanges, fully recognize the common interests of both sides, make use of existing conditions to provide stable institutional protection for energy enterprises, and make use of dialogue platforms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. In order to perfect the mechanism of energy cooperation between China and Russia, we should work out feasible improvement plan and promote the integration of the whole industry chain of energy cooperation between the two countries.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.2;F451.2

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