中国上市商业银行创新能力形成机理及其对绩效的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 16:15

本文关键词：中国上市商业银行创新能力形成机理及其对绩效的影响研究　出处：《山东大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：创新是一个永恒的话题。随着利率市场化改革的深度推进、资本监管的收紧,以及经济结构转型的演进,使得银行作为社会融资中介和支付中介的地位面临严峻挑战,中国银行业传统以息差收入为主要来源的增长模式将难以持续,迫使我国的商业银行必须加快转变传统的经营与盈利模式。而创造最有利于创新的外部环境和培植创新主体的内在创新动力,就成为商业银行深化改革成功与否的重要问题。本文构建了我国商业银行创新能力形成机理的概念模型,分别从外生因素、内生因素所包含的六个维度,系统论述了我国上市商业银行创新能力的形成机理；并使用动态面板模型进行实证分析,揭示了影响我国商业银行创新能力的特殊形成机制；同时,验证了商业银行创新能力对银行绩效的影响。在理论分析和实证分析基础上,探究影响我国商业银行创新能力的特殊背景和深层次形成原因,发现其形成机理,有助于了解我国银行业发展过程中独特的阶段性特点,从而寻找到能够促进银行创新能力提升的有效途径,并最终实现银行业发展方式的成功转型和整体绩效水平的提高。本文共分为七章。第一章为绪论,第七章为研究结论与展望。第二章为相关文献综述。本章对国内外商业银行创新能力相关研究文献进行系统的回顾和梳理,提出以往研究存在的缺陷和进一步研究的方向。第三章为商业银行创新能力形成机理的理论分析。本章首先明确了商业银行创新能力的构成要素和测度评价指标；其次分别从外生因素、内生因素所包含的六个维度：即经济与金融发展水平、“红利效应”和银行业风险监管所构成的外生机理,以及商业银行资源投入、公司治理和“软实力”所构成的内生机理两个方面构建了我国商业银行创新能力形成机理的概念模型,详细论述了我国上市商业银行创新能力的形成机理,并提出研究假设。第四章为商业银行创新能力形成机理的实证分析。本章对商业银行创新能力形成机理中可量化的外生因素和内生因素进行了实证分析。实证结果一方面验证了理论假设,另一方面也获得了一些很具有启发意义的结果。第五章实证分析了商业银行创新能力对银行绩效的影响。本章着重考察在风险管控条件下商业银行创新能力与银行绩效之间的关系。通过实证分析,研究发现商业银行的创新能力对银行绩效具有显著的正向影响,而且,发现不同性质银行之间其创新能力对绩效的影响也不完全相同。第六章在理论分析和实证分析基础上,提出我国商业银行创新能力的提升策略和政策建议。通过上述研究,本文得出的主要研究结论如下： 1.在我国商业银行创新能力形成机制变迁的过程中,影响这一形成过程的因素是多方面的,总体上可以分为两大类：一是经济与金融发展水平、“红利效应”和银行业风险监管所构成的外生机理,二是商业银行资源投入、公司治理和“软实力”所构成的内生机理,它们共同作用的结果构成了现阶段我国商业银行创新能力的形成机理。另外,商业银行创新能力的形成是一个动态发展的过程,而且演变过程所呈现的阶段性特点也较为明显。 2.定性研究方面。基于行业特殊性的巴塞尔协议Ⅲ等各项监管措施和指标,必然会影响到商业银行的创新能力。新监管标准的实施将有力推动银行业发展转型,特别是受资本监管的约束,推动银行业务结构从高资本占用向低资本占用转变,迫使其寻求更加多样的创新手段以增加赢利能力。此外,商业银行创新的战略管理模式、优秀的企业文化、鼓励创新的制度、银行家的领导魅力以及流程银行再造等因素的协同效应体现了商业银行的“软实力”,这种“软实力”也是银行重要的“生产力”,能够有效整合银行内部各种资源,从多个层面促进着商业银行创新能力的形成。 3.理论和实证方面。首先,我国商业银行在制度变迁过程中,国民的高储蓄率使商业银行能够长期享用改革进程中的人口红利,长期的利率管制给商业银行创造出租金的机会,这些“红利效应”使银行缺乏创新的动力。同地,我国的货币化率、金融结构指标与银行创新能力负相关,反映出我国投资驱动型为主的经济增长方式,经济的快速增长与信贷大规模的投放高度相关,加上货币的“超发”造成银行信贷的超常增长,货币化过程中商业银行独享的货币化红利,并未提高银行的创新能力,从而转化为金融配置社会资源效率的提高和促进金融深化。其次,商业银行公司治理在银行经营中发挥着主导作用,良好的治理结构可以提高银行配置资源的效率,对创新能力起到促进作用。研究发现,合理的股权结构能够促进银行的创新能力,其中第一大股东一股独大的负向作用明显大于其对创新推动的正向作用：而适度的股权分散,通过其他股东积极参与银行治理,可以提高银行的创新能力。国家隐性担保的存在,使国有股东背景的银行能够在创新方而投入更多的资源,承受更大的创新风险。董事会作为银行治理的核心,我国银行董事会规模偏大,增加了沟通协调成本,降低了决策效率,并未对创新能力起到促进作用。而独立董事、监事会制度的作用和独立性并未得到充分发挥。与之相反,合理的高管薪酬激励机制却能够明显改善商业银行的创新能力。最后,银行资源投入是创新能力的基础。研究发现,商业银行创新开发应用的范围效应为多产品银行的市场竞争提供了有力的支持。规模经济的扩张很大程度上是以增设分支机构的物理渠道建设来实现的,但是这种依靠增设分支机构数量的粗放型规模扩张模式,并不能有效改善创新能力。银行技术应用可以有效节约银行的经营成本,推动银行经营结构转型和转变发展方式,电子银行自然成为未来银行的发展趋势之一。现阶段商业银行市场占有率更多的体现为存贷款规模,银行获取的是更多的政策红利,并不能使银行的创新能力得到有效改善。此外,人力资本、银行员工的薪酬激励与创新能力正相关,显示出人才在银行创新能力提升中的核心促进作用。 4.商业银行的创新能力对银行绩效具有显著的正向影响,银行可以通过提高创新能力米提升自身的经营业绩。并且,我们发现,股份制及城市商业银行与国有商业银行的创新能力对绩效的影响方向相同,但是程度不同,股份制及城市商业银行通过提高创新能力来提升经营业绩的作用更大。基于我国银行创新能力形成机理的理论和实证分析,我们发现具有独特性和深层次形成原因。据此,提出更具针对性的政策建议,可以从实行市场化的利率定价机制和资本集约化的内涵式发展道路,优化银行内生资源投入和建立有利于创新的治理机制,以及加强银行软实力建设等多个方面提升银行业的整体创新能力水平,这也是我国银行业实现发展方式转变的必由之路。
[Abstract]:Innovation is an eternal topic. Along with the interest rate market reform to promote the depth, capital regulation tightening, and the evolution of economic restructuring, the bank as a financial intermediary and payment intermediary social status is facing severe challenges, the traditional banking Chinese to interest income as the main source of growth will be difficult to continue to force me China's commercial banks must change the traditional mode of operation and profitability. And create the most conducive to accelerate the innovation of the external environment and cultivate innovation within the creative power, and becomes an important problem for commercial banks to deepen the reform of success. This paper constructs the conceptual model of formation mechanism of innovation ability of China's commercial banks, respectively from the exogenous factors in six dimensions, the internal factors contained in the system, discusses the formation mechanism of China's listed commercial banks innovation ability; and the use of dynamic panel models. The empirical analysis reveals the influence of the special formation mechanism of innovation ability of China's commercial banks; at the same time, to verify the ability of innovation of commercial banks on bank performance. Based on theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, to explore the special background and deep-seated reasons affect the innovation ability of China's commercial banks, the formation mechanism, help to understand China's banking industry stage features unique development process, in order to find the effective way to promote the innovation ability of the bank, and finally realize the successful transformation of banking development and overall performance.
This article is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, the seventh chapter is the conclusion and the prospect of the study.
The second chapter is related literature review. This chapter systematically reviews and combs relevant literatures on domestic and foreign commercial banks' innovation capability, and puts forward the shortcomings of previous research and further research directions.
The third chapter is the analysis of the formation mechanism of commercial banking innovation ability theory. This chapter first defines the elements of commercial banking innovation ability and evaluation index; secondly from exogenous factors, six dimensions of endogenous factors included: Economic and financial development level, the exogenous mechanism which dividend effect and banking the risk supervision, commercial banks and investment of resources, building a conceptual model of the formation mechanism of the innovation ability of our commercial bank two aspects of corporate governance mechanisms and the "soft power", discusses the formation mechanism of China's listed commercial banks innovation ability, and puts forward the research hypothesis.
The fourth chapter is the empirical analysis of the formation mechanism of innovation ability of commercial banks. This chapter of the commercial banking innovation ability formation mechanism of exogenous factors can be quantified and the internal factors of the empirical analysis. The empirical results show the theoretical hypothesis, on the other hand also obtained some very enlightening results.
The fifth chapter is the empirical analysis of the influence of ability of innovation of commercial banks on bank performance. This chapter focuses on the relationship between the performance of the innovative capability of commercial banks and bank risk control conditions. Through empirical analysis, the study found a positive impact, innovation ability of commercial bank has significantly on the performance of the bank and found effects between different types of banks the innovation ability of performance is not exactly the same.
The sixth chapter, on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, puts forward the strategy and policy suggestions for the innovation ability of commercial banks in China.
Through the above research, the main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
1. in the process of innovation ability of China's commercial banks formed mechanism changes in the impact of the formation process of the factors, in general can be divided into two categories: one is the economic and financial development level, the exogenous mechanism which dividend effect and banking risk supervision, two commercial banks resources the composition of investment, corporate governance and the "soft power" of the endogenous mechanism, results of their interaction constitute the formation mechanism of the current stage of China's commercial banks innovation ability. In addition, the formation of commercial banking innovation ability is a dynamic development process, and stage characteristic evolution process is also obvious.
2. aspects of qualitative research. The particularity of the industry Basel accord and other regulatory measures and based on the index, will inevitably affect the innovation ability of commercial bank. The implementation of the new regulatory standards will greatly promote the development of banking industry restructuring, especially the capital regulatory constraints, promote the banking structure from high capital shift to a lower capital, forcing more diverse innovative means to increase the profitability of its search. In addition, the strategic management model of commercial bank innovation, excellent enterprise culture, innovation system, leadership and bankers process reengineering the bank and other factors the synergistic effect of commercial banks reflects the "soft power", is also a kind of "soft power" bank important "productivity", can effectively integrate various resources inside the bank, from the angle of promoting the formation of innovation ability of commercial banks.
3. the theoretical and empirical aspects. First, China's commercial banks in the process of institutional change, the high national savings rate that commercial banks can enjoy long-term reform in the process of demographic dividend, the long-term interest rate control for commercial banks to create rental opportunities, the bonus effect that banks lack innovation power. At the same time, China's currency rate, financial structure index and bank innovation ability negatively, reflecting China's investment driven mainly by the way of economic growth, the rapid growth of the economy and the credit scale on the highly relevant, plus the money "over" caused by the extraordinary growth of bank credit, commercial bank currency monetization bonus in the process of exclusive, did not improve the innovation ability of bank, thereby transforming the financial allocation efficiency of social resources improve and promote financial deepening.
Secondly, the corporate governance of commercial banks in the banking business plays a leading role, good governance structure can improve the efficiency of banks in the allocation of resources, to promote innovation ability. The study found that the reasonable ownership structure can promote the innovation ability of bank, the largest shareholder of shares is significantly greater than the negative effect the positive effect of innovation: moderately dispersed ownership, and actively participate in bank governance by other shareholders, banks can improve the ability of innovation. The state implicit guarantee, banks can make state-owned shareholder background in innovation and devote more resources to bear a greater risk of innovation. The board of directors as the core of Bank Governance the board of directors of the Bank of China, the scale is too large, increase communication and coordination costs, reduce the efficiency of decision-making, not to promote innovation ability. And the independent directors, the board of supervisors The role and independence of the system have not been brought into full play. On the contrary, a reasonable executive compensation incentive mechanism can obviously improve the innovation ability of commercial banks.
Finally, the bank invested resources is the foundation of innovative ability. The study found that provides strong support for innovation and development of the application scope of effect of commercial banks as bank products market competition. The expansion of the scale of economy is largely realized by additional branches of the physical channel construction, but the number of additional branches rely on extensive scale the expansion mode, and can not effectively improve the ability of innovation. Application of banking technology can effectively save the operating costs of banks, promote bank restructuring and transformation of development mode, the electronic banking has become one of the future development trend of the bank. The current market share of commercial banks more reflects the loan scale, the bank acquired is more the dividend policy, and can not make the bank's innovation capacity has been effectively improved. In addition, human capital, salary incentive and shunt bank employees The positive correlation of innovation ability shows the core promotion role of talent in the promotion of bank innovation ability.
4. of the commercial bank innovation ability has a significant positive effect on the performance of the bank, the bank can improve the innovation ability of rice to enhance their business performance. Furthermore, we found that the effect of joint-stock and city commercial banks and state-owned commercial banks innovation on the performance in the same direction, but the degree is different, joint-stock and city commercial banks through improve the ability of innovation to enhance the performance of the more important role.
The theoretical and empirical analysis of the formation mechanism of innovation in China based on the banks, we found that with the formation of the unique and deep reasons. Accordingly, propose more targeted policy recommendations, from the connotation of the market interest rate pricing mechanism and capital intensive development path, the optimization of bank internal resources and the establishment of investment a governance mechanism conducive to innovation, improve the banking industry and strengthen the construction of soft power of banks and other aspects of the overall level of innovation ability, this is the only way which must be passed the transformation of the development pattern of China's banking industry.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.22

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