国有银行的战略目标、组织结构与绩效

发布时间：2018-01-15 08:20

本文关键词：国有银行的战略目标、组织结构与绩效　出处：《浙江工商大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国有银行在我国金融体制乃至整个宏观经济体制中具有非常重要的战略地位,其组织结构调整和经营绩效的改善关系到金融行业能否健康发展。基于这样的经济现实,我们有必要研究我国国有银行组织结构的动态调整,从我国现阶段体制转轨对经济运行和发展的系统性要求来考察,建立国有银行组织结构调整的分析框架既有一定的理论价值又有实践意义。现有的关于国有银行组织结构的研究是对组织结构本身的关注有余,而对影响其组织结构因素的分析不足。本文拟将国有银行组织结构的优化调整与其外部发展环境和银行战略目标等因素结合起来,尝试性地构建一个更加系统的国有银行组织结构分析框架。本文以我国国有银行的组织结构为研究对象,构建了一个“战略-组织-绩效(S-O-P)”的理论框架,并以此为依托研究了国有银行组织结构如何由外部发展环境和战略目标决定,以及组织结构影响组织绩效的逻辑。从“S-O-P”的运行框架来看,国有银行的外部市场环境和技术环境要求国有银行在不同时期必须选择不同的战略目标,也要求其组织结构不断调整。国有银行的组织结构调整是为了达到其战略目标,银行战略目标和组织结构要适应变化的环境。国有银行的战略目标和组织结构对其绩效的作用机理通过其信贷行为体现出来。国有银行战略目标和组织结构在不同时期得以提高和改善的历史验证了S-O-P分析框架的有效性。在世界范围内,花旗银行、标准渣打银行和汇丰银行组织结构的运行特征及其经验,对我国国有银行组织结构变革具有一定的启示和借鉴意义。股改上市后国有银行组织结构高效运行的基础,是现代商业银行利益相关者治理机制。本文对国有银行的研究分为两步走,第一步是在理论上清晰描述战略目标对组织结构的规定性,组织结构对绩效的制约问题,第二步是在既定的战略目标和组织结构的基础上进行分阶段的绩效实证考察,并以中国银行为例做案例研究。基于国有银行发展历程的历史间断性决定其绩效衡量适合采用分阶段和多指标的绩效衡量方法,本文在借鉴国内外商业银行绩效衡量方法的基础上,对国有银行不同发展阶段的战略目标选取不同的指标体系进行了考量,并对国有银行的经营绩效进行了历史考察。结果显示,国有专业银行时期的四大国有银行对宏观经济增长和金融发展做出了重要贡献,但其资产质量在这一时期逐年恶化；在国有独资商业银行时期,四大国有银行的资产收益率逐年下降,不良贷款率也继续恶化并达到了历史最高的水平,但在此时期国有银行对宏观经济增长仍然具有非常重要的作用。在国有控股商业银行时期,四大国有银行经过股份制改革并成功上市,其市场绩效、资产质量和风险控制等国际通用的商业银行绩效衡量指标都得到了极大改善,基本上达到了国际商业银行的水平；不同历史时期国有银行的人均盈利能力和机构盈利能力,表明国有银行的市场绩效与其组织机构存在着密切的关系。根据国有银行发展环境的变化趋势与战略目标调整,本文对国有银行组织结构优化调整的原则和方向进行了论述,认为在未来一段时期,影响国有银行组织结构的外部环境主要有金融深化背景下日益激烈的市场竞争、金融国际化、金融监管、信息技术等网络化发展构成,环境变化会使国有银行在经营中以利润最大化作为战略目标,国有银行组织结构优化应以市场和客户为中心、追求精简和高效、分权和集权相结合、适度虚拟化等为原则,国有银行组织结构优化调整方向是必须继续完善现有的纵向和横向组织结构,构建完善的现代银行公司治理机制,根据环境变化创新组织结构模式。在笔者看来,要使国有银行运行达到以上的格局,就必须把战略目标、组织结构和绩效作为一个整体来分析研究。
[Abstract]:The state-owned bank has a very important strategic position in China's financial system and the whole macro economy, the adjustment of the organizational structure and business performance improvement related to the healthy development of the financial industry. Based on this economic reality, we have to research on the dynamic adjustment of the organizational structure of China's state-owned banks, to examine the system at this stage China's transition system on economic operation and development requirements, establish the analysis framework to adjust the organizational structure of state-owned banks not only has a certain theoretical value and practical significance. The research on the organizational structure of state-owned banks is on the existing organizational structure itself and the attention superabundant, analyzing the influence of organizational structure factors this paper deficiencies. The state-owned bank organizational structure adjustment and optimization of the external environment and the bank strategic goals and other factors together, try to build a more. The analysis framework of the organizational structure of the state-owned banks.
Based on the organizational structure of state-owned banks in China as the research object, to build a "strategic organizational performance (S-O-P)" the theoretical framework of organizational structure of state-owned banks how determined by the external environment and the strategic objectives and on this basis, and the logical structure influence organizational performance from the run. The framework of S-O-P ", the state-owned banks in the external market environment and the technical environment requirements of state-owned banks in different periods must choose different strategic target, also requires its organizational structure adjustment. The adjustment of organizational structure of state-owned banks is to achieve its strategic objectives, strategic goals and organizational structure to adapt to the changing environment. The strategy reflected the target and the organizational structure of state-owned banks on the performance of the mechanism by the credit behavior of state-owned banks. The strategic objectives and organizational structure can be improved in different periods The history and improve the validity of the S-O-P framework. Citibank in the world, operating characteristics and experience, Standard Chartered Bank and HSBC's organizational structure, has the certain enlightenment and reference to the state-owned bank organizational structure reform of our country. The reform of state-owned banks after the efficient operation of the organization structure is the basis of governance the mechanism of stakeholders of modern commercial banks.
This paper studies on the state-owned banks is divided into two steps, the first step is clear in theory to describe the strategic target of regulation organization structure, organization structure constraints on performance, the second step is to make the stage performance based on strategic objectives and organizational structure established on the empirical study, and to China bank as an example to do case studies.
The development history of intermittent state-owned banks to determine its performance measure for phase and multi index evaluation method based on performance, based on the study of domestic and foreign commercial banks' performance measure method, carry on the consideration of the strategic objectives of state-owned banks in different stages of development from different index system, investigated the history and the state the bank's operating performance. The results show that the four major state-owned banks in the state-owned banks have made an important contribution to the economic growth and financial development, but its asset quality deteriorates year by year during this period; in the state-owned commercial banks, four state-owned banks return on assets decreased year by year, the rate of bad loans will continue to deteriorate and reached the highest level, but in the period of state-owned banks to the macro economic growth still has a very important role in the state-owned business. Industrial Bank, the four major state-owned banks and listed after the success of the shareholding system reform, the market performance, the performance of asset quality and risk control of international commercial bank index has been greatly improved, basically reached the international level of commercial banks; profitability per capita profitability of state-owned banks and institutions in different historical periods. Show that the market performance of state-owned banks and their organizations have a close relationship.
According to the change trend of state-owned banks development environment and strategic objectives, this paper discusses the organization structure optimization of state-owned banks and the principle of direction, that in the future period, the state-owned banks of the organization structure and the external environment are the main financial deepening under the background of increasingly fierce market competition, financial internationalization, financial supervision, information technology such as network development, environmental change will make the state-owned banks to maximize profits as a strategic goal, optimizing the organization structure of state-owned banks should be based on the market and the customer as the center, the pursuit of simplification and efficiency, decentralization and centralization combining appropriate virtual principle, organization structure optimization and adjustment direction of state-owned banks is a must continue to improve the vertical and horizontal structure of existing construction, perfect governance mechanism of modern banking companies, according to the organization structure innovation environment change mode. In the opinion of the author, in order to make the state-owned banks achieve the above pattern, we must analyze the strategic objectives, organizational structure and performance as a whole.

【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.33;F272

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