基于资本结构的商业银行经营绩效分析
发布时间：2018-08-25 20:00
【摘要】：改革开放之后,尤其是中国加入世界贸易组织之后,中国的银行业逐步走向国际化,有了更广阔的发展舞台,但这也意味未来的风险和不确定因素增加的可能。除此之外,作为金融业的重要组成部分,银行业的稳定发展对维持我国经济秩序,促进我国经济发展有着一定的支撑作用。因此,在商业银行的经营管理过程中,一定会受到我国监管部门的监管。2012年6月我国银监会颁布了《商业银行资本管理办法(试行)》,并于2013年1月1日开始实施,这是我国银行业与国际新监管标准接轨、符合我国银行业实际情况的资本监管制度。 本文的研究目的是从商业银行的资本结构角度阐述对其经营绩效的影响,然而商业银行的资本结构是多层次的,因此,对资本结构的分析不仅需要考虑核心资本和附属资本,还需要考虑上市改革之后的股权性质、股权集中度问题。除此之外,商业银行不仅要实现股东利益最大化,还要考虑到自身的经营风险水平,因此商业银行的经营需要在国家的监管以及追求利益最大化的矛盾中找到一个平衡点。 因此,本文先从商业银行经营绩效和资本结构两方面分析,然后再分析二者之间的相关关系,最后提出相应的建议。具体如下： 首先,确定衡量商业银行经营绩效的指标。本文构建了一个基于主成分分析方法的经营绩效的评级体系,即从相互关联的多个指标中提取主成分,将多个指标转化为几个简单综合指标的统计过程。本文采用净资产收益率、每股收益、成本收入比作为盈利性指标；采用净利润增长率、每股收益增长率、净资产增长率作为成长能力指标；采用不良贷款比例、不良贷款拨备覆盖率、资本充足率作为安全性指标；采用存贷比、流动性比率作为流动性指标。将以上十一项指标作为原始指标,运用SPSS19.0软件进行主成分的分析进而得到样本的综合得分,即衡量商业银行经营绩效水平的绩效评价指标。 其次,分析商业银行的资本结构。根据中央银行和银监会对商业银行的监管要求,本文主要从商业银行的核心资本和附属资本角度进行分析。具体来说,核心资本由股本和储备构成,附属资本由贷款损失一般准备金、长期次级债券以及可转换债券构成。本文从股权集中度、股权性质来分析股本,从盈余公积抵抗风险和再融资作用来分析储备在核心资本中所占的比重,从附属资本的财务杠杆作用分析我国商业银行目前的附属资本目前的现状。在这部分中,本文根据2012年16家上市银行的财务报告,分析了我国股份制商业银行和国有商业银行在资本结构方面存在的差异和原因,同时两者在资本结构方面存在的共性给予了一定的解释。 然后,对样本数据进行实证分析。由于文章研究的目的是从商业银行的资本结构角度对其经营绩效水平给予一定的解释,从而确定实证分析的解释变量和被解释变量。根据理论分析解释变量与被解释变量之间存在着一定的相关性,因而在进行实证分析之前本文提出了解释变量与被解释变量之间的假设。本文采用的是16家上市银行2009-2012年的面板数据,因此需要根据样本的特性来选择合适的模型,通过对样本进行F检验以及Hausman检验后,确定采用个体随机效应模型进行回归分析。本文运用Eviews6.0软件对样本进行回归,然后根据回归结果分析参数的显著性,对解释变量和被解释变量之间的关系进行说明,同时对理论分析的假设与实证检验结果的不同之处给予一定的解释。 最后,提出相应的建议和意见。商业银行的经营绩效受诸多因素影响,本文主要从资本结构角度分析其对经营绩效的影响。因此,本文中提出的相应的建议也是从完善商业银行资本结构的角度出发,最后落实到提高商业银行经营绩效水平的目的。因而,本文建议提高净利润留存比例、建立相对均衡的股权结构以及股权投资主体多元化三个角度来优化商业银行的核心资本；建议拓宽附属资本的来源,形成附属资本多元化来优化附属资本。同时,进一步完善我国的资本市场,这也是优化商业银行核心资本和附属资本的前提和基础。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, especially after China's accession to the World Trade Organization, China's banking industry has gradually become internationalized and has a broader stage of development, but this also means that future risks and uncertainties may increase. In June 2012, China Banking Regulatory Commission promulgated the Capital Management Measures for Commercial Banks (Trial Implementation) and began to implement it on January 1, 2013. This is a new standard for China's banking industry and international supervision. A capital regulation system that fits the actual situation of China's banking industry.
The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact of the capital structure of commercial banks on their operating performance. However, the capital structure of commercial banks is multi-level. Therefore, the analysis of the capital structure needs to consider not only the core capital and subsidiary capital, but also the nature of equity after the listing reform and the concentration of equity. In addition, commercial banks should not only maximize the interests of shareholders, but also take into account their own level of operational risk. Therefore, the operation of commercial banks needs to find a balance point between the supervision of the state and the pursuit of maximum interests.
Therefore, this paper first analyzes the performance and capital structure of commercial banks, and then analyzes the relationship between the two, and finally puts forward the corresponding recommendations.
Firstly, the index to measure the performance of commercial banks is determined. This paper constructs a performance evaluation system based on principal component analysis, which extracts the principal component from a number of related indicators and transforms them into a statistical process of several simple comprehensive indicators. Income ratio is used as profitability index, net profit growth rate, earnings per share growth rate, net assets growth rate as growth ability index, non-performing loan ratio, non-performing loan provision coverage, capital adequacy ratio as security index, deposit-loan ratio, liquidity ratio as liquidity index. For the original index, the principal component analysis is carried out by using SPSS19.0 software to get the comprehensive score of the sample, that is, the performance evaluation index to measure the performance level of commercial banks.
Secondly, it analyzes the capital structure of commercial banks. According to the regulatory requirements of the central bank and the banking regulatory commission, this paper mainly analyzes the core capital and subsidiary capital of commercial banks. In this paper, the composition of convertible bonds is analyzed from the ownership concentration and the nature of equity. The proportion of reserve in core capital is analyzed from the role of surplus reserve against risk and refinancing. The current status of subsidiary capital of commercial banks in China is analyzed from the financial leverage of subsidiary capital. The financial reports of six listed banks have analyzed the differences and reasons of capital structure between joint-stock commercial banks and state-owned commercial banks in China. At the same time, the similarities between them have given some explanations.
The purpose of this paper is to give some explanations to the performance of commercial banks from the perspective of capital structure, so as to determine the explanatory variables and the explanatory variables. In this paper, we use panel data of 16 listed banks from 2009 to 2012, so we need to choose the appropriate model according to the characteristics of the sample. Through F-test and Hausman test, we decide to adopt the individual random effect model. In this paper, we use Eviews 6.0 software to regression samples, and then according to the regression results to analyze the significance of the parameters, explain the relationship between the explanatory variables and the explanatory variables, and give some explanations for the differences between the hypothesis of theoretical analysis and empirical test results.
Finally, some suggestions and suggestions are put forward. The operational performance of commercial banks is affected by many factors. This paper mainly analyzes its impact on operational performance from the perspective of capital structure. Therefore, this paper proposes to optimize the core capital of commercial banks by increasing the net profit retention ratio, establishing a relatively balanced equity structure and diversification of equity investors, and expanding the sources of subsidiary capital and forming diversification of subsidiary capital to optimize subsidiary capital. The market is also the premise and foundation for optimizing the core and subsidiary capital of commercial banks.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.33
本文编号：2203949
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, especially after China's accession to the World Trade Organization, China's banking industry has gradually become internationalized and has a broader stage of development, but this also means that future risks and uncertainties may increase. In June 2012, China Banking Regulatory Commission promulgated the Capital Management Measures for Commercial Banks (Trial Implementation) and began to implement it on January 1, 2013. This is a new standard for China's banking industry and international supervision. A capital regulation system that fits the actual situation of China's banking industry.
The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact of the capital structure of commercial banks on their operating performance. However, the capital structure of commercial banks is multi-level. Therefore, the analysis of the capital structure needs to consider not only the core capital and subsidiary capital, but also the nature of equity after the listing reform and the concentration of equity. In addition, commercial banks should not only maximize the interests of shareholders, but also take into account their own level of operational risk. Therefore, the operation of commercial banks needs to find a balance point between the supervision of the state and the pursuit of maximum interests.
Therefore, this paper first analyzes the performance and capital structure of commercial banks, and then analyzes the relationship between the two, and finally puts forward the corresponding recommendations.
Firstly, the index to measure the performance of commercial banks is determined. This paper constructs a performance evaluation system based on principal component analysis, which extracts the principal component from a number of related indicators and transforms them into a statistical process of several simple comprehensive indicators. Income ratio is used as profitability index, net profit growth rate, earnings per share growth rate, net assets growth rate as growth ability index, non-performing loan ratio, non-performing loan provision coverage, capital adequacy ratio as security index, deposit-loan ratio, liquidity ratio as liquidity index. For the original index, the principal component analysis is carried out by using SPSS19.0 software to get the comprehensive score of the sample, that is, the performance evaluation index to measure the performance level of commercial banks.
Secondly, it analyzes the capital structure of commercial banks. According to the regulatory requirements of the central bank and the banking regulatory commission, this paper mainly analyzes the core capital and subsidiary capital of commercial banks. In this paper, the composition of convertible bonds is analyzed from the ownership concentration and the nature of equity. The proportion of reserve in core capital is analyzed from the role of surplus reserve against risk and refinancing. The current status of subsidiary capital of commercial banks in China is analyzed from the financial leverage of subsidiary capital. The financial reports of six listed banks have analyzed the differences and reasons of capital structure between joint-stock commercial banks and state-owned commercial banks in China. At the same time, the similarities between them have given some explanations.
The purpose of this paper is to give some explanations to the performance of commercial banks from the perspective of capital structure, so as to determine the explanatory variables and the explanatory variables. In this paper, we use panel data of 16 listed banks from 2009 to 2012, so we need to choose the appropriate model according to the characteristics of the sample. Through F-test and Hausman test, we decide to adopt the individual random effect model. In this paper, we use Eviews 6.0 software to regression samples, and then according to the regression results to analyze the significance of the parameters, explain the relationship between the explanatory variables and the explanatory variables, and give some explanations for the differences between the hypothesis of theoretical analysis and empirical test results.
Finally, some suggestions and suggestions are put forward. The operational performance of commercial banks is affected by many factors. This paper mainly analyzes its impact on operational performance from the perspective of capital structure. Therefore, this paper proposes to optimize the core capital of commercial banks by increasing the net profit retention ratio, establishing a relatively balanced equity structure and diversification of equity investors, and expanding the sources of subsidiary capital and forming diversification of subsidiary capital to optimize subsidiary capital. The market is also the premise and foundation for optimizing the core and subsidiary capital of commercial banks.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.33
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