群体复杂问题解决有效性

发布时间：2017-12-31 19:37

本文关键词：群体复杂问题解决有效性　出处：《浙江大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着工作复杂程度的增加,组织越来越依赖群体来完成任务。群体有效性是衡量群体工作效能的重要指标。以往研究表明群体有效性受到各种因素影响,包括个体特征、组织背景、任务特点和群体过程等。其中群体过程则被认为在各个影响因素和有效性之间起着中介或缓冲作用,而群体过程本质上就是群体成员之间的互动。但是,关于群体互动行为与群体有效性之间的关系,很多研究所得出的结论并不一致,其主要原因是缺乏统一的过程行为衡量指标。因此,研究需要通过开发可信的过程分析系统来明确复杂问题情境中群体过程是如何影响群体有效性的。而群体决策的功能性理论被认为能从任务过程解释对有效性的影响。研究以复杂问题解决为群体任务,根据群体决策功能性理论,采用多特征的方法深入分析群体复杂问题解决过程特征及其对有效性的影响机制。第一部分对复杂问题解决相关理论、群体过程、群体有效性和群体决策功能性理论的研究进行深入回顾,认为群体复杂问题解决过程影响群体有效性,复杂问题解决具有动态性、复杂性、模糊性以及时间滞后性,群体过程包括任务相关互动和人际相关互动。因此,在总结以往研究结果的基础上,本研究以计算机模拟为研究方法,根据群体决策功能性理论深入考察群体复杂问题解决过程特征及其对有效性的影响。第二部分基于模拟情境的系统数据来分析群体复杂问题解决过程特征及其对有效性的影响。研究采用计算机模拟情境研究方法和复杂问题解决研究的传统分析方法一个体差异比较来分析群体复杂问题解决的有效性。结果表明不同有效性的群体在系统变量控制、信息收集与处理、过程控制、决策策略等方面存在差异,初步证明了任务过程对群体有效性具有影响。第三部分利用群体过程观察系统分析群体复杂问题解决过程特征,构建影响有效性过程变量模型。本部分由三个子研究组成。子研究一主要是开发和检验复杂问题解决情境中群体互动观察分析系统。结果得出具有五个主类别和十个次类别的多层次群体互动观察分析系统,并且系统经检验具有较高的信度。子研究二利用观察分析系统来研究群体复杂问题解决的过程特征。结果显示有效性高的群体与有效性低的群体对功能步骤过程控制存在差异:有效性低的群体关注问题解决,而有效性高的群体能有效地管理各个功能步骤。子研究三主要是利用互动观察系统分析复杂问题解决过程,并采用多元回归分析方法得出影响有效性的过程变量模型。有效性模型中的互动过程包括任务相关互动和人际相关互动。任务相关互动中问题识别和确定与群体自反性对有效性有积极的作用,观点多样化和任务执行策略对有效性消极作用。而人际相关互动中争论性讨论与社会支持对有效性有正面影响,冲突管理则产生负面影响。检验结果表明该模型具有较高的解释能力。第四部分研究则是探究群体主观报告的对群体有效性有影响的过程变量。研究通过群体访谈和内容分析技术得出群体成员“认知”的促进和障碍因素。结果支持了第三部分过程研究的结果,同时,还补充了主观体验的过程变量;研究还发现有效性高的群体和有效性低的群体对过程影响的认识存在差别。第五部分中,由于群体过程具有整体性和动态性,研究对群体进行针对性诊断反思的干预来验证群体认识过程变量的作用机制后对任务过程和有效性产生的影响。结果证明经过针对性诊断反思后的群体在后续的任务中优化了群体过程,进而提高群体有效性。该部分研究也为实践中群体有效性的提升提供了参考。第六部分对本研究得出的结论进行理论探讨,得出三方面的理论进展:定性与定量相结合地分析了群体复杂问题解决过程特征;比较和整合了过程观察和群体成员对过程变量的理解;以群体决策功能性理论为基础分析了群体过程变量对有效性的影响,构建了群体有效性的过程角度模型。最后部分总结了本研究的理论意义和实践意义,并提出了研究的局限性和未来值得研究的方向。
[Abstract]:With the increasing complexity of work, organizations are increasingly relying on groups to complete tasks. Group effectiveness is an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of group work. Previous research showed that group effectiveness is influenced by various factors, including individual characteristics, organizational context, task characteristics and group process. The group process was believed to play an intermediary or buffer in between each influence factor and effectiveness, and the interaction between the group process is essentially the group members. However, the relationship between group interaction behavior and group effectiveness, many of the conclusions are not consistent, the main reason is the lack of unified behavior measure. Therefore, research needs analysis system clear the complex problem situation in group process is how to influence group effectiveness by developing credible. The functional theory of group decision-making are We believe that we can interpret the effect of task process on effectiveness. We study complex problem solving as a group task. According to the functional theory of group decision making, we use multi feature method to deeply analyze the characteristics of complex problem solving process and its influence mechanism on effectiveness.
The first part of the complex problem solving theory, group process, in-depth review group effectiveness and functional group decision theory, think group complex problem solving group effectiveness process, complex problem solving is dynamic, complexity, ambiguity and time lag, group process including task related interaction and interpersonal interaction therefore, based on previous research results, this study is based on the computer simulation as the research method, according to the group decision of functional theory in-depth study group complex problem solving process characteristic and its influence on the effectiveness.
To solve the process characteristics of the second part of system data simulation based on context to analyze complex issues and their impact on the effectiveness of the traditional analysis method. By using the computer simulation method to solve complex problems and the situation of the individual differences to analyze the effectiveness of group complex problem solving. The results show that the different effectiveness of system variables in the control group process control, information collection and processing, and different decision strategies etc., proved the task process has influence on group effectiveness.
The third part of the group process observation system analysis group complex problem solving process, the construction process variables affect the validity of the model. This part consists of three sub studies. Study is mainly to develop and test a complex problem solving the group process observation system. The result has five main categories and ten sub categories of to observe the level of group interaction analysis system, and the system is proved to have high reliability. Two sub study using the observation system to analyze the complex problem solving. The results show the high effectiveness of the group and the low effectiveness of the functional groups on the steps of process control are different: to solve the low effectiveness of the group problem. But the effectiveness of the high group can effectively manage the various functional sub steps. Three research is mainly the analysis of complex problem solving process using interactive observation system, Analysis method and process variables influence the effectiveness of the interactive multiple regression. The model validation process including task related interaction and interpersonal interaction. Task related interaction problem identification, group Reflexivity on effectiveness has a positive effect, and diversified views on the effectiveness of task execution strategies and negative effects. Interpersonal interaction in the controversial discussion and social support have a positive impact on the effectiveness of conflict management, have a negative impact. The test results show that this model has high explanatory power.
The fourth part is the research community of inquiry subjective reports have impact on group effectiveness of the process variables. Through the research group interview and content analysis factors that promote and disorder group members "cognition". The third part is the research results support the results of the process, at the same time, also added the subjective experience of the process variables; the study also found that the effectiveness of high group and low effectiveness of group differences of influence.
In the fifth part, the group process is overall and dynamic, research on group targeted intervention to verify the diagnosis on impact on the effectiveness of group task process and mechanism of cognitive process variables. The results showed that after the diagnosis after the reflection of the group in the follow-up to the task in the process of optimizing the group. And then improve the group effectiveness. This part of research for the effective promotion of group practice to provide a reference.
The sixth part discusses the theory of the research conclusion, the progress in three aspects: the theory of the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the complex problem solving process characteristics; comparison and integration process of observation and group members' understanding of the process variables; in group decision making based on the theory of functional analysis of the effects of process variables on the group the effectiveness of the construction of the group effectiveness process angle model.
The last part summarizes the theoretical and practical significance of this study, and puts forward the limitations of the research and the direction for future research.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：F224;C93

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