中国特色新型智库发展策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 13:54

本文选题：中国特色新型智库 + 政策制定　；参考：《安徽大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代智库自从于19世纪末诞生以来,就逐步得到了各国的重视,发展至今已成为各国公共政策制定不可或缺的一部分。“智库”,即思想库,它汇集的是各领域专家最充满智慧的研究成果。虽然世界各国的学者对它的定义尚不统一但不可否认的是研究者都强调了它的功能,即研究公共政策,并为公共政策的制定提供思想产品,简单的说就是为决策当局出谋划策。其实随着社会的发展,人民参政的热情逐步高涨,智库的功能也就不仅仅局限在最初的一点上,而是发展成为启民、孕才、强国等各方面,可以说它已经成为联系政府和人民的桥梁。中国自建国以来就注重培育现代智库,到2013年党中央提出建设具有中国特色新型智库,智库的发展在国内引起一股前所未有的热潮。这不仅取决于领导人的高度重视,也取决于当下中国社会的需要。中国目前正处于经济增速换档期、结构调整阵痛期、前期刺激政策消化期这样一种特殊时期,政府制定政策涉及的问题越来越复杂,需要智库充分发挥好“智囊团”的作用。智库在逐步发展的同时确实为决策当局提供了越来越多的帮助,如提高了决策效率、提高了决策的科学性、让决策更能贴近民意等,但是在新型智库建设过程中也暴露出了很多问题,如整体水平不高、独立性和平衡性缺乏等。所以本文就从如何更好地发展中国特色新型智库的角度来展开全文。本文首先对中国特色新型智库的内涵进行界定,重点对“中国特色”与“新型”进行了阐释,反映出与以往智库的不同。然后通过对中国智库发展历程的回顾,引出了当前所进行的新型智库建设阶段,并对这一阶段智库建设的现状,从量、组织形式、影响力等各方面进行了介绍。虽然我国新型智库在近几年得到迅速发展,但问题依旧重重,包括：各类型、各地区智库发展缺乏平衡,智力资源分配不均；缺乏在国际上有影响力的一流智库；研究缺乏创新性和独立性等。导致这些问题出现的原因有三个方面：从政府角度来说,没有进行合理引导、没有在法律上规定政府向智库购买决策咨询是制定政策的必经环节；从智库行业来说,没有统一的全国性交流平台、没有完整的行业标准、没有完善的行业管理机制；从研究者个人角度来说,没有有效的自我定位和自我激励。出现了问题就要及时解决,本文在借鉴美国智库发展的优秀经验的基础上,结合国情,提出了要从两大方面来解决新型智库发展中遇到的问题：一方面要政府加强引导,推进开放,完善需求；另一方面要智库抓准定位,加强交流,规范管理。新型智库的建设不是一蹴而就的,它必然伴随着一系列问题。但只要坚持从中国的特色出发,坚持创新的理念,取国外智库建设之精华,相信在不远的将来一定能看到中国的智库也能走进世界一流的行列。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of modern think-tank in the late 19th century, it has been paid more and more attention, and its development has become an indispensable part of public policy formulation. Think tanks, or think tanks, bring together the most intelligent research results of experts in various fields. Although scholars all over the world have not yet unified the definition of it, it is undeniable that the researchers have emphasized its function, that is, to study public policy and provide ideological products for the formulation of public policy, which is simply to give advice to the decision-making authorities. In fact, with the development of society, the enthusiasm of the people to participate in politics is gradually rising. The function of the think-tank is not limited to the initial point, but it develops into various aspects, such as inspiring the people, pregnant talents, powerful countries, and so on. It can be said that it has become a bridge between the government and the people. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, China has focused on cultivating modern think-tanks. In 2013, the CPC Central Committee proposed the construction of new think-tanks with Chinese characteristics, the development of which has caused an unprecedented upsurge in China. This depends not only on the attention of the leaders, but also on the needs of the present Chinese society. At present, China is in the period of economic growth shift, structural adjustment painful period, early stimulus policy digestion period such a special period, the government policy issues involved in more and more complex, need think tanks to give full play to the role of "think tanks." At the same time, the think-tank has indeed provided more and more assistance to the decision-making authorities, such as improving the efficiency of decision-making, making decisions more scientific, and making decisions more close to the people's will, and so on. However, many problems have been exposed in the construction of the new think-tank, such as low overall level, lack of independence and balance, etc. Therefore, this paper from the perspective of how to better develop new think tanks with Chinese characteristics. This paper first defines the connotation of the new type of think-tank with Chinese characteristics, focusing on the explanation of "Chinese characteristic" and "new type", which reflects the difference from the former think-tank. Then, by reviewing the development of Chinese think-tanks, the paper introduces the current stage of the construction of new think-tanks, and introduces the present situation of the construction of think-tanks in terms of quantity, organization form, influence and so on. Although China's new type of think-tanks have developed rapidly in recent years, there are still many problems, including: lack of balance in the development of various types of think tanks in various regions, uneven distribution of intellectual resources, lack of first-class think-tanks with influence in the world; The research lacks innovation and independence. There are three reasons for these problems: from the perspective of the government, there is no reasonable guidance, there is no legal requirement that the government purchase decision-making advice from think tanks is a necessary part of policy making; from the perspective of the think-tank industry, There is no unified national communication platform, no complete industry standards, no perfect industry management mechanism, and no effective self-positioning and self-motivation from the perspective of individual researchers. If problems arise, they should be solved in time. On the basis of drawing lessons from the excellent experience of the development of American think-tanks and combining with the national conditions, this paper puts forward two major aspects to solve the problems encountered in the development of new think-tanks: on the one hand, the government should strengthen guidance. Promote openness and improve demand; on the other hand, think tanks should focus on positioning, strengthen exchanges, and standardize management. The construction of a new type of think tank is not done overnight, it must be accompanied by a series of problems. But as long as we stick to the characteristics of China, adhere to the concept of innovation, take the essence of the construction of foreign think tanks, I believe that in the near future, we can see that China's think tanks can also enter the ranks of the world's first class.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C932

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