《全唐文》公文研究
发布时间：2018-08-05 12:42
【摘要】：《全唐文》是一部钦定敕撰、以唐五代文为辑录对象的断代全集。编修活动始于清嘉庆十三年(1808),完成于十九年(1814),100多名翰林学士花费7年心血编纂而成。全书共10卷,收录了唐代3035位作者的20025篇文章。后来,光绪年间的著名学者陆心源在《唐文拾遗》、《唐文续拾》中又辑录了 2871篇。以上三部书合计,共收唐文22896篇,其中诏令奏议等公文11427篇,占到50%。这是研究唐五代时期公文不可或缺的基本文献。本论文是对《全唐文》公文进行的专题研究。从文本统计入手,通过大量具体文本的解读,结合当时的社会状况、政治形势和公文运作制度及其他相关文献,从文体学、史学、文学等角度对唐代公文做全面描述和研究。第一、二、三章以述为主,分别从作者、法典规定文种、实际政务使用文种等视角,介绍唐代公文的种类、时代变化、文体和作者分布等情况,印证或纠偏某些以往既定的唐代公文印象:制、敕、诏是唐诏令文书的主体,诏文用来发布重要政令,并未因避武则天的讳而消失,唐三百年一直未间断使用且数量众多,只是未列入唐法典规定的公文文体中;存在一些史书未记录或不为人重视的文种,如诏意、委曲、别纸等;严格意义来说,奏抄并不能算是一个独立文种,是尚书省对官员奏状的预审核;判文中仅有少量的实判具有公文属性;“札”文体在唐朝而非宋朝发展定型,五代十国已经广泛使用。第四章着重探讨公文发展及公文所处社会的特点。唐朝公文在各个时期有所变化:初盛唐重视王言,制敕之文讲究词采;中唐公文务实,内容多与朝政改革有关。奏议在古文运动的影响下,骈散融合,用语逐渐走向通俗化;晚唐又回到骈文的道路,文笔更加洗炼流畅,论述更加深刻明确,颇具说服力和感染力。骈文一直是唐朝公文的主流,尽管中唐时期有很多散体创作,并未影响到公文整体的写作面貌。公文各文体在唐也有变化:诏令文书分化出诰、赦文、德音和批答等亚文种,敕文功能愈加强大;奏议文书中表、状占据主导地位,盛唐以后状文替代某些表文功能;晚唐中央权力减弱,诏令文书大幅减少,幕府公文迅速发展,出现众多新文种。伴随着藩镇制度的形成,朝廷礼制公文减少,地方官场应酬公文增多。第五章从哲学、政治制度、史学几个方面对演变原因进行诠释。受儒家思想的影响,古代公文体系存在着差序格局:以皇帝为中心,诏令文书、奏议文书和官府文书由内而外扩散,价值序列层层递减;以开元十一年为界,中书门下体制形成,公文文体发生巨大变化,敕牒出现并大量使用,奏状替代奏抄成为主体公文;为高度适应政务,唐形成一套完整的文书运行体制,并随着中枢体制的变化和地方行政管理机构的变革而调整。余论简要论述了唐代公文独特的风貌对当下的启示。文以载道,士人担负着为天下开太平的使命,这恰恰是现在知识分子一脉相承的使命。责任担当、砥砺前行的士人精神,在公文中一览无遗。这种士人精神需要继续传承下去。
[Abstract]:"Whole Tang Wen" is an imperial edict written in the Tang Dynasty and five generations. The compilation of the works began in the thirteen years (1808) of the Qing Jiaqing (1808), completed in nineteen years (1814), more than 100 imperial bachelors spent 7 years codification. A total of 10 volumes included 20025 articles of the Tang Dynasty's 3035 writers. Later, the famous scholar Lu Xin of Guangxu period The source in "Tang Wen pickup >", "Tang Wen continued to pick up" and compiled 2871 pieces. The above three books combined, a total of 22896 pieces of Tang Wen, including the imperial edict and other documents 11427, which is an indispensable basic document for the study of the official documents of the Tang and Five Dynasties. This paper is a special study of the documents of the whole Tang Dynasty. The interpretation of specific text, combined with the social situation at that time, political situation and official document operation system and other related literature, from the perspective of stylistics, history, literature and other aspects of the Tang Dynasty official document to do a comprehensive description and study. First, second, the three chapter mainly, respectively from the author, the code rules and regulations, the actual government use of the literature and other perspectives, to introduce the Tang Dynasty document. The type, the change of the times, the style of style and the distribution of the author, and the impression that the system, the Edict and the imperial edict were the main body of the Tang imperial edict. The imperial edict was used to release the important decrees. It was not disappearing for avoiding the taboo of Wu Zetian. In the three hundred years of Tang Dynasty, it has been uninterrupted and has not been included in the code of Tang Dynasty. In the style of official documents, there are some kinds of texts that have not been recorded or ignored by the history books, such as edict, delegation, and paper. In the strict sense, it is not an independent language, it is the preview of the official form of the official in Shang Shu province; only a few of the facts in the sentence have the attribute of the official documents; the style of "Zart" is developed in the Tang Dynasty rather than in the Song Dynasty, five The fourth chapters have been widely used. Chapter 1 focuses on the development of official documents and the characteristics of the society in public documents. The official documents of the Tang Dynasty have changed in various periods: the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to Wang's speech, and the writing of the Tang Dynasty paid attention to the words; the official documents in the middle Tang Dynasty were pragmatic and the content was related to the reform of the government. The late Tang Dynasty went back to the way of the parallel prose, the literary style was more refined and fluent, the discussion was more profound, persuasive and infective. The parallel prose has been the mainstream of the Tang Dynasty, although there are many forms of prose writing in the middle Tang Dynasty, it did not affect the overall writing appearance of the official document. The function of Edict and criticism was more powerful; the function of the imperial edict was stronger; the table in the memorials was dominant, the form of the Tang Dynasty replaced some of the functions of the table; the central authority of the late Tang Dynasty weakened, the imperial edict documents were greatly reduced, the official documents of the shogunate developed rapidly, and many new texts appeared. With the formation of the feudal system, the official documents of the court were reduced, and the court was reduced. The fifth chapter explains the reasons for the evolution from the philosophy, the political system and the historiography. Influenced by the Confucianism, the ancient official document system has a differential pattern: the emperor is the center, the imperial edict documents, the memorials and the official documents are diffused from the inside to the outside, and the value sequence is gradually diminishing; with the opening of the yuan for eleven years, Under the formation of the system of the middle book door, the style of the official document changed greatly, the imperial edict appeared and used a lot, and the play form was used as the main official document. In order to adapt to the government affairs, Tang formed a complete set of document operation system, and adjusted with the change of the central system and the change of the local administrative organization. It is a mission to open peace for the world. This is precisely the mission of the intellectuals. Responsibility takes on the spirit of the scholar and has a clear view in the official document. The spirit of the scholar needs to continue to pass on.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C931.46
，
本文编号：2165830
[Abstract]:"Whole Tang Wen" is an imperial edict written in the Tang Dynasty and five generations. The compilation of the works began in the thirteen years (1808) of the Qing Jiaqing (1808), completed in nineteen years (1814), more than 100 imperial bachelors spent 7 years codification. A total of 10 volumes included 20025 articles of the Tang Dynasty's 3035 writers. Later, the famous scholar Lu Xin of Guangxu period The source in "Tang Wen pickup >", "Tang Wen continued to pick up" and compiled 2871 pieces. The above three books combined, a total of 22896 pieces of Tang Wen, including the imperial edict and other documents 11427, which is an indispensable basic document for the study of the official documents of the Tang and Five Dynasties. This paper is a special study of the documents of the whole Tang Dynasty. The interpretation of specific text, combined with the social situation at that time, political situation and official document operation system and other related literature, from the perspective of stylistics, history, literature and other aspects of the Tang Dynasty official document to do a comprehensive description and study. First, second, the three chapter mainly, respectively from the author, the code rules and regulations, the actual government use of the literature and other perspectives, to introduce the Tang Dynasty document. The type, the change of the times, the style of style and the distribution of the author, and the impression that the system, the Edict and the imperial edict were the main body of the Tang imperial edict. The imperial edict was used to release the important decrees. It was not disappearing for avoiding the taboo of Wu Zetian. In the three hundred years of Tang Dynasty, it has been uninterrupted and has not been included in the code of Tang Dynasty. In the style of official documents, there are some kinds of texts that have not been recorded or ignored by the history books, such as edict, delegation, and paper. In the strict sense, it is not an independent language, it is the preview of the official form of the official in Shang Shu province; only a few of the facts in the sentence have the attribute of the official documents; the style of "Zart" is developed in the Tang Dynasty rather than in the Song Dynasty, five The fourth chapters have been widely used. Chapter 1 focuses on the development of official documents and the characteristics of the society in public documents. The official documents of the Tang Dynasty have changed in various periods: the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to Wang's speech, and the writing of the Tang Dynasty paid attention to the words; the official documents in the middle Tang Dynasty were pragmatic and the content was related to the reform of the government. The late Tang Dynasty went back to the way of the parallel prose, the literary style was more refined and fluent, the discussion was more profound, persuasive and infective. The parallel prose has been the mainstream of the Tang Dynasty, although there are many forms of prose writing in the middle Tang Dynasty, it did not affect the overall writing appearance of the official document. The function of Edict and criticism was more powerful; the function of the imperial edict was stronger; the table in the memorials was dominant, the form of the Tang Dynasty replaced some of the functions of the table; the central authority of the late Tang Dynasty weakened, the imperial edict documents were greatly reduced, the official documents of the shogunate developed rapidly, and many new texts appeared. With the formation of the feudal system, the official documents of the court were reduced, and the court was reduced. The fifth chapter explains the reasons for the evolution from the philosophy, the political system and the historiography. Influenced by the Confucianism, the ancient official document system has a differential pattern: the emperor is the center, the imperial edict documents, the memorials and the official documents are diffused from the inside to the outside, and the value sequence is gradually diminishing; with the opening of the yuan for eleven years, Under the formation of the system of the middle book door, the style of the official document changed greatly, the imperial edict appeared and used a lot, and the play form was used as the main official document. In order to adapt to the government affairs, Tang formed a complete set of document operation system, and adjusted with the change of the central system and the change of the local administrative organization. It is a mission to open peace for the world. This is precisely the mission of the intellectuals. Responsibility takes on the spirit of the scholar and has a clear view in the official document. The spirit of the scholar needs to continue to pass on.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C931.46
，
本文编号：2165830
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