光纤光学频率传递研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 14:14

本文选题：时间频率　切入点：光学频率　出处：《中国科学院研究生院(国家授时中心)》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：原子钟是时间频率标准产生和保持的重要工具。近年来随着激光冷却、光学频率梳等相关技术的不断突破,工作在光频段的光钟研究取得重大进展,世界多个研究小组的光钟频率稳定度和不确定度都突破10-18量级,比目前的一级频率标准(频率基准)——冷原子铯喷泉钟的不确定度高两个量级。在国际单位“秒”被重新定义时,光钟很有可能取代铯钟成为下一代的时间频率基准。目前基于卫星的时间频率传递方法所能达到的传输相对稳定度最高也在10-16/1日,无法满足光钟输出光学频率的传递和比对需要。而利用光纤传递光学频率信号传输相对稳定度在1日积分时间内已达到10-20量级,比现有最好的光钟的频率稳定度还高2个量级,足以满足光钟频率信号传输和远程比对的需求。本论文围绕中国科学院国家授时中心的光纤光学频率传递开展研究工作,主要研究成果和创新点概括如下:一、开展光纤光载波频率频率传递理论研究,指出影响光频传输相对稳定度的两大因素是延时引起的噪声补偿限制和光纤链路自身噪声。首先分析光纤噪声产生的机理,利用多普勒消除方法抑制光纤噪声的原理,通过建立模型计算传输函数分析影响频率传输性能的主要因素,得出最终系统的传输相对稳定度主要受限于传输光纤延时引起的噪声补偿限制以及光纤链路的自身噪声。二、开展光纤光载波频率传递直连传输实验,并国内首次在百公里级实地光纤上实现光纤光学频率传递相对稳定度10-20量级。首先在1km线绕光纤上实验演示光载波光纤传输的光纤噪声补偿。然后利用改进后的光纤光载波频率传输装置在70km实验室线绕光纤上进行1k Hz线宽光载波的传输试验,测试相对稳定度(ADEV)秒稳达到1×10-15量级。传输相干光源改用1.9Hz的腔稳超窄线宽激光后,在112km的实地光纤上获得光载波频率传递的相对稳定度2.5×10-16/1s和4.4×10-20级/104s。三、光纤光频长距离传递初步试验研究,包括以光功率放大增大点对点传输距离和以级联传输方式实现远距离传输。分析比较这两种方案,提出级联传递的中继站装置中一种新的信号光放大/再生方案:以光纤单向掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)放大光学频率的信号光,并利用外差探测补偿光功率放大引起的额外激光相位噪声。实验验证该方案能够低噪声大增益的放大光信号,保持光学频率信号的高稳定度,比现有的中继站方案结构更简单,成本更低。四、光纤光频传递多用户网络化传输研究,提出一种新的光纤噪声用户端补偿方案,研究利用这种新方案构建光频传输网络。首先分析将光纤光频传输网络划分为三种基本结构:环形结构、星形结构和树形结构。提出一种可用于树形分支结构的光频传输用户端补偿方案,在50km光纤上应用用户端补偿的光纤光学频率传输相对稳定度达到秒稳6.9×10-17,万秒稳3.0×10-18,与源端补偿方案相对稳定度接近。利用这种用户端补偿方案构建光频传输网络的三种基本结构时结构更为简单,各用户的独立性更强。
[Abstract]:The atomic clock is an important tool to generate and maintain the standard time and frequency. In recent years, with the breakthrough of laser cooling, optical frequency comb and other related technology, has made great progress in the study of optical optical clock frequency, a team of the world optical clock frequency stability and the uncertainty has exceeded 10-18 magnitude, than a level the current standard frequency (frequency standard) - Cold Atomic cesium fountain clock, the uncertainty of the two order of magnitude higher. Be redefined in the international unit second, optical clock is likely to replace a cesium clock time and frequency standard of the next generation. The current transmission based on satellite time and frequency transfer method can achieve the relative stability of the highest degree in 10-16/1 days, can not meet the optical clock frequency of the output optical transmission and comparison. While using fiber optical transmission frequency of signal transmission relative stability in 1 days time has reached 10-20 points Level is higher than the current best optical clock frequency stability of 2 orders of magnitude, sufficient to meet the optical clock frequency signal transmission and remote on demand. This paper studies optical fiber transmission frequency Chinese national time service center, Academy of Sciences, the main research results and innovations are as follows: first, to carry out optical carrier frequency of transfer theory research, pointed out that the effect of light transmission frequency stability degree of the two factors is caused by the delay noise compensation limit and fiber link noise. Firstly, its mechanism of fiber noise, using the Doppler elimination principle of noise suppression in optical fiber method, through the establishment of model calculation analysis of main factors affecting the transmission performance of frequency transfer function finally, the transmission system of the relative stability is mainly due to limited to the transmission of optical fiber delay noise compensation limit and fiber link self noise. Two, carry out the optical carrier frequency transfer direct transfer experiments, and for the first time in the domestic level of hundreds of kilometers to realize optical fiber field frequency transfer stability degree 10-20 magnitude. First in the 1km line around the optical fiber noise compensation experimental demonstration of optical carrier optical fiber transmission. Then the transmission test in the Laboratory of 70km wound by optical fiber 1K the Hz linewidth optical carrier using fiber optical carrier frequency transmission device improved, relative stability test (ADEV) to 1 x 10-15 seconds steady magnitude. Transmission coherent light source switch to 1.9Hz unstable resonator of ultra narrow linewidth laser, optical carrier frequency transfer relative stability of 2.5 * 10-16/1s and 4.4 * 10-20 /104s. three in the field of optical fiber 112km, optical frequency long distance experiment of transmission, including optical power amplifier to increase point-to-point transmission distance and long-distance transmission in cascade transmission. It is compared These two schemes, a new signal light amplification / regeneration scheme of relay station device proposed in cascade transmission: unidirectional fiber erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) signal light amplification optical frequency, and the use of optical heterodyne detection laser extra power amplifier compensation caused by phase noise. Experimental results show that this scheme can amplify optical signals low noise high gain, keep the optical frequency signal with high stability, than the existing relay station scheme has the advantages of simpler structure, lower cost. Four, research on the transmission network of optical fiber transmission frequency, proposes a new end user fiber noise compensation scheme, optical transmission network construction research using this new scheme. Firstly, the fiber optical frequency transmission network is divided into three basic structures: ring structure, star and tree structure is proposed. Which can be used in optical frequency transmission end user tree structure compensation scheme in the 50km fiber optical fiber transmission frequency application user end compensation relative stability reached second steady 6.9 x 10-17, 3 x 10-18 million seconds steady, and the source of compensation scheme is relatively stable. Close to three basic structures of constructing optical transmission network by the end user frequency compensation scheme when the structure is more simple, more independent each of the users.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(国家授时中心)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB939

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