基于ZYNQ的掌上超声成像系统前端设计与实现

发布时间：2018-05-09 01:30

本文选题：掌上超声成像 + B超前端　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：超声成像具有无损伤成像、实时动态成像、成像系统简洁等诸多优点,在远程医疗和战地医疗等方面有着十分广阔的应用前景。芯片集成度的提高,功耗的降低使得掌上超声成像系统的实现成为可能。目前掌上超声成像系统正朝着无线化和人机交互友好化两个方向发展,国内掌上超声成像系统发展迅速,但前端系统的独立自主设计与实现技术仍然薄弱。在此背景下,本课题对掌上超声成像系统的前端进行了设计和实现,在降低超声成像设备成本的同时,为掌上超声成像系统的国产化积累研发经验和技术基础。本课题设计并实现了一款32通道掌上超声成像系统前端的数据采集及信号处理算法。根据系统功能,查阅相关资料,确定了以ZYNQ、HDL6M06531和MAX2082为核心芯片、通过Wi-Fi传输数据和无线充电的整体系统硬件方案,同时确定了整个系统的性能指标:分辨率、尺寸和系统功耗。针对选则的芯片,依次对换能器阵元匹配电路、超声收发相关电路、ZYNQ相关电路和电源电路的原理图进行设计。在此基础上,根据多层印制电路板的设计规则、层叠和布局,完成了整个系统主体功能的8层核心电路板的设计。按照超声成像的逻辑顺序,利用FPGA依次实现了阵元的整序控制、电子聚焦、数字波束合成和数字解调等超声信号处理算法,并通过状态机将各个模块按顺序串联起来,构成完整的超声成像算法系统体系。针对这些算法,给出了实现的流程和仿真结果,并对仿真结果进行了分析。按照电路功能和工作顺序,对整个系统硬件电路中的电源电路、ZYNQ、HDL6M06531和MAX2082进行了调试,调试结果与预期一致。在完成硬件电路调试的基础上,按照先接收后发射的顺序,对数字波束合成、数字解调、阵元的整序控制、电子聚焦和状态机等各个模块逐一调试。本课题设计的前端系统在保证成像质量的同时,缩小了整个设备的尺寸,提高了超声成像设备的集成度和稳定性,优化了超声信号处理算法,降低了系统的功耗,为多通道多功能无线掌上超声成像系统的开发和实现探索出方向。
[Abstract]:Ultrasonic imaging has many advantages, such as no damage imaging, real-time dynamic imaging, simple imaging system and so on. It has a very broad application prospect in telemedicine and field medicine. With the improvement of chip integration and the reduction of power consumption, the realization of handheld ultrasonic imaging system is possible. At present, the handheld ultrasonic imaging system is developing towards the direction of wireless and human-computer interaction friendly. The domestic ultrasonic imaging system is developing rapidly, but the independent design and implementation technology of the front-end system is still weak. Under this background, this paper designs and implements the front end of the ultrasonic imaging system on the palmtop, while reducing the cost of the ultrasonic imaging equipment, it accumulates the research and development experience and the technical foundation for the localization of the ultrasonic imaging system on the palm of the hand at the same time. This paper designs and implements a 32-channel ultrasonic imaging system front-end data acquisition and signal processing algorithm. According to the function of the system, referring to the related data, the hardware scheme of the whole system, which uses ZYNQY HDL6M06531 and MAX2082 as the core chip, transmitting data through Wi-Fi and wireless charging, is determined, and the performance indexes of the whole system are determined: resolution, size and system power consumption. The principle diagram of transducer array element matching circuit ultrasonic transceiver correlation circuit ZYNQ correlator circuit and power supply circuit are designed for the selected chip. On this basis, according to the design rules, stacking and layout of the multi-layer printed circuit board, the design of the 8-layer core circuit board of the main function of the whole system is completed. According to the logical sequence of ultrasonic imaging, the ultrasonic signal processing algorithms such as array element sequence control, electronic focusing, digital beam synthesis and digital demodulation are realized by FPGA in turn, and each module is connected in sequence by state machine. A complete system of ultrasonic imaging algorithm is constructed. In view of these algorithms, the implementation flow and simulation results are given, and the simulation results are analyzed. According to the function and working sequence of the circuit, the power supply circuit of the whole system hardware circuit is debugged, and the debugging results are in accordance with the expectation. On the basis of hardware circuit debugging, every module of digital beam synthesis, digital demodulation, array element sequence control, electronic focusing and state machine are debugged one by one according to the order of receiving and then transmitting. The front-end system designed in this paper not only guarantees the imaging quality, but also reduces the size of the whole equipment, improves the integration and stability of the ultrasonic imaging equipment, optimizes the ultrasonic signal processing algorithm, and reduces the power consumption of the system. To explore the direction for the development and implementation of multi-channel multi-function wireless palmtop ultrasonic imaging system.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.41;TB559

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