基于SBAS-InSAR技术的北京市地面沉降分析
发布时间：2018-08-19 19:00
【摘要】：北京市自二十世纪六十年代起发现地面沉降,随着工业化推进以及城市建设的不断扩张,地面沉降量逐渐增加,成为城市发展和城市安全的威胁之一。北京市已经建成了由精密水准测量为主体的,结合GPS技术和InSAR技术的沉降观测监测网,取得了精确的数据,为城市规划、城市建设和防灾减灾提供了重要参考。目前的监测网络以传统精密水准测量作为主要技术手段,水准测量虽然具有技术成熟,历史资料丰富、设备造价相对低廉等优点,但是施测周期长,测量点位相对稀疏,人员成本高、复测周期长等问题也十分明显。与传统监测手段对比,InSAR监测方法由于其雷达测量的原理决定其具有精度可靠,覆盖范围大,相干点位密集,复测周期短,可以在短时间进行连续观测等优势。采用2003年6月至2010年6月共52景Envisat-ASAR影像,利用小基线集技术进行数据处理,得到了时间序列形变速率图,获得了实验时间内北京沉降整体分布情况。通过与一二等水准监测资料对比,利用SBAS-InSAR方法进行沉降监测获得的地面沉降速率与沉降量与水准监测结果相当,可以满足一般城市沉降监测的需要。作为城市地面沉降的监测手段,水准测量方法和InSAR监测方法二者互为补充,应长期并存下去。同时应坚持水资源变化监测和综合地理信息国情的监测,为城市建设和防灾减灾提供保障。通过对相干点的统计分析可知,目前北京市既有大范围缓慢整体沉降,也有局部快速沉降,就分布而言西部、北部和东部山区沉降量比较稳定,城市主城区沉降量也较小,由昌平区东南部至朝阳区、通州区西部形成了较为连续的沉降区,此趋势一直发展到北京南部大兴区的大片区域,沉降呈现多中心的发展形态,沉降量最大区域分布在朝阳区及通州区,最大累计沉降量为847.5mm。通过对利用SBAS-InSAR技术得到的地面沉降序列结合断裂分布图、工程地质资料综合分析,可知地质构造、地层岩性是北京市地面沉降形成的内在条件和总体因素。通过对局部地面荷载分布、地下水监测数据、多年降水统计数据、人口变化等数据结合SBAS-InSAR沉降监测数据进行相关分析,可知地面荷载、地下水变化和人口因素是地面沉降发展的外在条件和可控因素,局地地下水超采是局部地面沉降快速发展的直接原因。应从控制地下水开采,改善城市发展模式等方式进行防控。
[Abstract]:Land subsidence has been discovered in Beijing since 1960s. With the development of industrialization and the continuous expansion of urban construction, the amount of land subsidence has gradually increased, which has become one of the threats to urban development and urban safety. Beijing has built a settlement monitoring network with precision leveling as the main body, combined with GPS technology and InSAR technology, and has obtained accurate data, which provides an important reference for urban planning, urban construction and disaster prevention and mitigation. The current monitoring network takes traditional precision leveling as the main technical means. Although leveling has the advantages of mature technology, rich historical data and relatively low equipment cost, it has a long measuring period and relatively sparse measuring points. High staff costs, long test cycle and other problems are also very obvious. Compared with traditional monitoring methods, InSAR monitoring method has the advantages of high accuracy and reliability, wide coverage, dense coherent points, short repetition period and so on, because of the principle of radar measurement. It can be observed continuously in a short time. Using 52 Envisat-ASAR images from June 2003 to June 2010, the data were processed by using small baseline set technique, and the deformation rate map of time series was obtained, and the overall distribution of Beijing subsidence in the experimental time was obtained. Compared with the first and second grade leveling monitoring data, the land subsidence rate obtained by SBAS-InSAR method is equivalent to that of leveling monitoring, which can meet the needs of urban subsidence monitoring. As a monitoring method of urban land subsidence, leveling method and InSAR monitoring method complement each other and should coexist for a long time. At the same time, we should insist on the monitoring of water resources change and the monitoring of the national conditions of comprehensive geographical information, so as to provide guarantee for urban construction and disaster prevention and mitigation. Through the statistical analysis of the coherent points, it can be seen that there are both slow and local rapid subsidence in Beijing. In terms of distribution, the settlement in the western, northern and eastern mountainous areas is relatively stable, and the settlement amount in the main urban area of the city is also relatively small. From the southeast of Changping District to Chaoyang District, the western part of Tongzhou District has formed a relatively continuous subsidence area. This trend has been developed to a large area of Daxing District in the south of Beijing. The largest area of settlement is located in Chaoyang District and Tongzhou District, and the maximum accumulative settlement is 847.5 mm. Through the comprehensive analysis of the land subsidence sequence and the fault distribution map obtained by using SBAS-InSAR technology and the engineering geological data, it can be concluded that geological structure and stratigraphic lithology are the internal conditions and overall factors for the formation of the ground subsidence in Beijing. Based on the analysis of local surface load distribution, groundwater monitoring data, precipitation statistics, population change and SBAS-InSAR subsidence monitoring data, we can know the ground load. Groundwater changes and population factors are the external conditions and controllable factors for the development of land subsidence. Local groundwater overexploitation is the direct reason for the rapid development of local land subsidence. Prevention and control should be carried out by controlling groundwater exploitation and improving urban development model.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P642.26
本文编号：2192533
[Abstract]:Land subsidence has been discovered in Beijing since 1960s. With the development of industrialization and the continuous expansion of urban construction, the amount of land subsidence has gradually increased, which has become one of the threats to urban development and urban safety. Beijing has built a settlement monitoring network with precision leveling as the main body, combined with GPS technology and InSAR technology, and has obtained accurate data, which provides an important reference for urban planning, urban construction and disaster prevention and mitigation. The current monitoring network takes traditional precision leveling as the main technical means. Although leveling has the advantages of mature technology, rich historical data and relatively low equipment cost, it has a long measuring period and relatively sparse measuring points. High staff costs, long test cycle and other problems are also very obvious. Compared with traditional monitoring methods, InSAR monitoring method has the advantages of high accuracy and reliability, wide coverage, dense coherent points, short repetition period and so on, because of the principle of radar measurement. It can be observed continuously in a short time. Using 52 Envisat-ASAR images from June 2003 to June 2010, the data were processed by using small baseline set technique, and the deformation rate map of time series was obtained, and the overall distribution of Beijing subsidence in the experimental time was obtained. Compared with the first and second grade leveling monitoring data, the land subsidence rate obtained by SBAS-InSAR method is equivalent to that of leveling monitoring, which can meet the needs of urban subsidence monitoring. As a monitoring method of urban land subsidence, leveling method and InSAR monitoring method complement each other and should coexist for a long time. At the same time, we should insist on the monitoring of water resources change and the monitoring of the national conditions of comprehensive geographical information, so as to provide guarantee for urban construction and disaster prevention and mitigation. Through the statistical analysis of the coherent points, it can be seen that there are both slow and local rapid subsidence in Beijing. In terms of distribution, the settlement in the western, northern and eastern mountainous areas is relatively stable, and the settlement amount in the main urban area of the city is also relatively small. From the southeast of Changping District to Chaoyang District, the western part of Tongzhou District has formed a relatively continuous subsidence area. This trend has been developed to a large area of Daxing District in the south of Beijing. The largest area of settlement is located in Chaoyang District and Tongzhou District, and the maximum accumulative settlement is 847.5 mm. Through the comprehensive analysis of the land subsidence sequence and the fault distribution map obtained by using SBAS-InSAR technology and the engineering geological data, it can be concluded that geological structure and stratigraphic lithology are the internal conditions and overall factors for the formation of the ground subsidence in Beijing. Based on the analysis of local surface load distribution, groundwater monitoring data, precipitation statistics, population change and SBAS-InSAR subsidence monitoring data, we can know the ground load. Groundwater changes and population factors are the external conditions and controllable factors for the development of land subsidence. Local groundwater overexploitation is the direct reason for the rapid development of local land subsidence. Prevention and control should be carried out by controlling groundwater exploitation and improving urban development model.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P642.26
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