合成孔径声呐发射机的设计与实现
发布时间：2018-12-31 09:42
【摘要】：伴随着日益频繁的水下探测活动,人们对于水下成像性能的要求逐渐提高。而合成孔径声呐技术作为一种新型的高分辨率的水声成像技术,得到了广泛的应用。由于水声信道条件十分复杂,受温度、深度、季节、水域、梯度等各种因素的影响,是一个窄带、多径效应严重的信道。声波则是目前唯一能够在水声信道长距离传播的能量形式,因此设计一个高性能的合成孔径声呐发射机成为研究重点。本文根据声呐发射机的特点,结合相关理论与经验,讨论了声呐发射机设计过程中的关键问题。文中重点分析了功率放大器的设计方案,为满足低功耗、高效率、低失真等要求,选择了全桥D类功放电路,并采用IRF2010S专用MOS桥芯片实现了稳定、可靠的驱动电路。同时也分析了变压器设计原则,防浪涌电路设计的注意事项,以及对发射机的散热模块、保护电路模块的设计。由于声呐系统发射的是一个60-100kHz的线性调频脉冲,为保证信号完整且高效的发送到水介质中,需要一个足够大的发射带宽,因此要求对换能器进行宽带匹配。一个匹配良好的电路,能够有效减少不必要的能量损耗,提高负载功率,同时扩展工作带宽。由于换能器的阻抗特性十分复杂,会随着频率的变化而改变,对换能器做阻抗匹配需要庞大的计算量。因此本文借助计算机软件,引入实频匹配技术对换能器做宽带匹配,这种方法只需要提供换能器导纳的S参数文件以及设置相关的设计参数,省去了几乎所有的公式推导以及计算。而且最终生成的网络是一个实际可用电路,仿真结果与实际偏差小,具有较大的工程实用价值。为了验证合成孔径发射机的性能,对其发射功率、浪涌电流、功耗指标、散热性能等进行数据测试,达到了基本要求。最后总结全文的工作成果,并指出仿真与设计中的不足之处,规划下一步改进方案。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly frequent underwater exploration activities, the requirements of underwater imaging performance are gradually raised. As a new type of high-resolution underwater sonar technology, synthetic aperture sonar (SAR) has been widely used. Because the condition of underwater acoustic channel is very complex and affected by temperature, depth, season, water area, gradient and so on, it is a narrow band channel with serious multipath effect. At present, acoustic wave is the only energy form which can propagate over long distance in underwater acoustic channel. Therefore, the design of a high-performance synthetic aperture sonar transmitter has become the focus of research. According to the characteristics of sonar transmitter, the key problems in the design of sonar transmitter are discussed in this paper. In order to meet the requirements of low power consumption, high efficiency and low distortion, the full-bridge D type power amplifier circuit is selected, and the stable and reliable driving circuit is realized by using IRF2010S special MOS bridge chip. At the same time, the principle of transformer design, the precautions of anti-surge circuit design, and the design of transmitter heat dissipation module and protection circuit module are also analyzed. Because the sonar system emits a linear frequency modulation pulse of 60-100kHz, in order to ensure the signal to be transmitted to the water medium completely and efficiently, a large enough transmission bandwidth is needed, so the transducer is required to match the bandwidth. A well matched circuit can effectively reduce unnecessary energy loss, increase load power, and expand working bandwidth. Because the impedance characteristic of the transducer is very complex and will change with the change of the frequency, the impedance matching of the transducer needs a huge amount of calculation. So this paper introduces the real frequency matching technology to the transducer with the help of computer software. This method only needs to provide the S-parameter file of the transducer admittance and set the related design parameters. Almost all formula derivation and calculation are omitted. Finally, the network is a practical circuit, and the simulation result is small deviation from the actual one, so it is of great practical value in engineering. In order to verify the performance of the synthetic aperture transmitter, the transmission power, surge current, power consumption index and heat dissipation performance of the transmitter are tested, which meet the basic requirements. Finally, the paper summarizes the results of the work, points out the shortcomings of simulation and design, and plans the next improvement plan.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB56
[Abstract]:With the increasingly frequent underwater exploration activities, the requirements of underwater imaging performance are gradually raised. As a new type of high-resolution underwater sonar technology, synthetic aperture sonar (SAR) has been widely used. Because the condition of underwater acoustic channel is very complex and affected by temperature, depth, season, water area, gradient and so on, it is a narrow band channel with serious multipath effect. At present, acoustic wave is the only energy form which can propagate over long distance in underwater acoustic channel. Therefore, the design of a high-performance synthetic aperture sonar transmitter has become the focus of research. According to the characteristics of sonar transmitter, the key problems in the design of sonar transmitter are discussed in this paper. In order to meet the requirements of low power consumption, high efficiency and low distortion, the full-bridge D type power amplifier circuit is selected, and the stable and reliable driving circuit is realized by using IRF2010S special MOS bridge chip. At the same time, the principle of transformer design, the precautions of anti-surge circuit design, and the design of transmitter heat dissipation module and protection circuit module are also analyzed. Because the sonar system emits a linear frequency modulation pulse of 60-100kHz, in order to ensure the signal to be transmitted to the water medium completely and efficiently, a large enough transmission bandwidth is needed, so the transducer is required to match the bandwidth. A well matched circuit can effectively reduce unnecessary energy loss, increase load power, and expand working bandwidth. Because the impedance characteristic of the transducer is very complex and will change with the change of the frequency, the impedance matching of the transducer needs a huge amount of calculation. So this paper introduces the real frequency matching technology to the transducer with the help of computer software. This method only needs to provide the S-parameter file of the transducer admittance and set the related design parameters. Almost all formula derivation and calculation are omitted. Finally, the network is a practical circuit, and the simulation result is small deviation from the actual one, so it is of great practical value in engineering. In order to verify the performance of the synthetic aperture transmitter, the transmission power, surge current, power consumption index and heat dissipation performance of the transmitter are tested, which meet the basic requirements. Finally, the paper summarizes the results of the work, points out the shortcomings of simulation and design, and plans the next improvement plan.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB56
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4 刘序e，
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