短波红外遥感高温目标温度反演模型研究

发布时间：2019-05-10 20:48

【摘要】：高温目标温度显著高于常温地物，，包括煤层自燃、土法炼焦、林火、草原火、油井火炬、火山喷发等，高温目标识别及温度反演方法研究对遥感资源调查、环境监测、灾害预警等具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。相较于热红外数据，短波红外波段数据更能精确识别和定位高温目标。本文以地表为朗伯体、常温地物与高温目标成分和温度是均一的、常温地物与高温目标的辐射能量为线性叠加为前提，并基于普朗克函数、能量守恒等原理，建立地表处短波红外混合像元温度反演模型并进行敏感性分析及参数估算，在此基础上采用马氏距离、因子分析法进行高温目标的识别，对识别结果进行温度反演来验证模型的可行性并与热红外温度反演结果相对比。主要研究成果如下： 1．由短波红外高温目标温度反演模型，确定了大气透过率Tθ、常温背景反射率ρ、高温目标发射率ε、高温目标面积百分比S和温度T共5个关键参数，并采用控制变量法对各参数进行敏感性分析。对参数的估算及求解中，大气透过率Tθ可以通过辐射传输模型MODTRAN反演出来，常温背景反射率ρ是由背景像元估算法获取的，对于土法炼焦高温目标发射率ε是通过对野外采集的煤、炭、焦炭样品的反射率反算获取的，而其它类高温目标的发射率用近似黑体辐射代替，这些参数的求解及估算为温度反演奠定了基础。 2．短波红外高温目标识别与温度反演的模型的适用性研究结果表明：可识别的最低温度为525K（高温目标充满整个像元时）、最小面积百分比为0.0003。也就是说，即使高温目标面积很小，但当温度达到一定程度，仍可被识别出来。 3．高温目标识别结果表明：马氏距离多元截尾法、马氏距离多类判别法和因子分析法用于高温目标识别，识别精度分别为82%、79%和85%，能够将高温目标有效的识别出来。 4．对典型高温目标土法炼焦、林火、油井火炬的温度反演，结果表明：短波红外温度反演结果与实际温度（500K±）相吻合，而基于辐射传输方程法的热红外温度反演结果与背景较为相近，易混淆，即热红外遥感数据并未能较好地反映出高温目标特性。
[Abstract]:The temperature of high temperature target is significantly higher than that of normal temperature ground object, including coal seam spontaneous combustion, soil coking, forest fire, grassland fire, oil well torch, volcanic eruption, high temperature target recognition and temperature inversion, investigation of remote sensing resources and environmental monitoring. Disaster early warning has important theoretical significance and practical value. Compared with thermal infrared data, shortwave infrared band data can accurately identify and locate high-temperature targets. In this paper, the surface is the Lambert body, the composition and temperature of the ground object at room temperature and the target at high temperature are uniform, and the radiation energy between the ground object at room temperature and the target at high temperature is linearly superimposed as the premise, and based on the Planck function and the principle of energy conservation, The temperature inversion model of short-wave infrared mixed pixel on the surface is established and the sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation are carried out. On this basis, Mahalanobis distance and factor analysis are used to identify the high-temperature target. The feasibility of the model is verified by temperature inversion of the recognition results and compared with the results of thermal infrared temperature inversion. The main results are as follows: 1. The atmospheric transmittance T 胃, the ambient background reflectivity 蟻 and the high temperature target emissivity 蔚 are determined by the inversion model of the high temperature target temperature of short wave infrared. The target area percentage of high temperature (S) and temperature T (T) are five key parameters, and the sensitivity of each parameter is analyzed by using the control variable method. In the estimation and solution of the parameters, the atmospheric transmittance T 胃 can be retrieved by the radiative transfer model MODTRAN, and the ambient temperature background reflectivity 蟻 is obtained by the background pixel estimation algorithm. For the emissivity of high temperature targets in soil coking, the emissivity is obtained by inverse calculation of the reflectivity of coal, carbon and coke samples collected in the field, while the emissivity of other high temperature targets is replaced by approximate blackbody radiation. The solution and estimation of these parameters lay a foundation for temperature inversion. 2. The applicability of the model of shortwave infrared high temperature target recognition and temperature inversion shows that the minimum recognizable temperature is 525K (when the high temperature target is filled with the whole pixel), and the minimum area percentage is 0.0003. In other words, even if the target area of high temperature is very small, when the temperature reaches a certain level, it can still be recognized. 3. The results of high temperature target recognition show that the recognition accuracy of Markov distance multivariate truncation method, Markov distance multi-class discriminant method and factor analysis method is 82%, 79% and 85%, respectively. Can effectively identify high temperature targets. 4. The temperature inversion of typical high temperature target soil coking, forest fire and oil well torch shows that the results of short wave infrared temperature inversion are in good agreement with the actual temperature (500K 卤). The thermal infrared temperature inversion results based on the radiative transfer equation method are close to the background, which is easy to be confused, that is, the thermal infrared remote sensing data do not reflect the characteristics of the high temperature target well.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP722.5

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