社会服务项目制的建构及效应分析

发布时间：2018-01-03 22:24

本文关键词：社会服务项目制的建构及效应分析　出处：《南开大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：社会服务项目是政府等资助者外包或资助、非营利组织承接的公益性项目。本文基于我国上海和深圳的政府社会服务项目外包和非营利组织项目运作实践,分析了政府在项目外包中的角色、项目机制和逻辑,非营利组织的项目机制、策略和逻辑,并对项目运作的制度规则体系和项目制的效应进行了深入研究。社会服务项目制是一种社会服务体制和机制,在这种体制下,政府的资源供应和非营利组织的服务提供通过项目连接起来,项目成为连接资源与提供服务之间的桥梁,因此,项目制不仅是一种资金供应与筹集的方式,而且是一种提供服务方式,同时,它更是一种资助机构与服务机构建立稳定的制度化联系的方式。社会服务项目制是一种系统,从其构成要素看,它包括如下一些子系统,如资助机构、服务机构、服务对象等项目主体；从制度规则看,它包括制度背景、正式的制度安排和非正式制度安排；从项目的运作过程看,它包括识别需求、提出解决方案、执行项目、结束项目四个阶段。本文认为社会宏观环境给社会服务项目运作和项目制的建构提供了动力和条件。宏观环境要素包括：社会服务供需不平衡的矛盾产生的社会服务压力和动力；政府购买服务为社会服务项目制的建构奠定了制度基础；非营利组织的发展为项目运作提供了组织基础；福利多元主义和新公共管理为政府项目外包和非营利组织项目运作提供了理论基础。社会服务项目制是在政府和非营利组织围绕项目建构起来的,其中政府扮演规划及政策制定者、资源提供者和组织管理者的角色。政府的项目机制主要是项目外包机制,包括项目招标发包、项目委托发包和公益创投,政府的项目外包逻辑主要是效率和效益的逻辑。与政府的项目机制相对应,非营利组织的项目机制是项目承包机制,包括项目投标和竞标、委托项目承包和公益创投,此外还主动向政府和基金会申请项目。非营利组织的项目运作策略有：根据组织战略进行项目运作；动员员工参与项目开发和设计；项目的分化与整合；项目的经营与滚动；通过项目培育和孵化机构；实施走出去战略,到异地开办机构并承接项目。非营利组织项目运作的多重逻辑包括：项目运作中要使命还是活命的考虑；增强组织的核心竞争力；提高员工的报酬；提升服务的专业化水平；整合资源；在短期性项目和长期性项目中做取舍。项目运作的制度和规则的功能有：有利于实现项目行为与项目秩序的统一,有利于实现成本与效率的统一,制度还为人们观察和理解项目主体的行为和活动提供了一把钥匙。项目制度和规则体系包括项目运作的制度背景、制度安排和非制度安排。制度背景是外生变量,是一系列确定项目行为大前提的基本的政治、经济、社会和法律制度,例如政府采购制度和招投标制度、非营利组织的基本制度、合同制度、市场机制、专业社工制度等。制度安排包括组织系统和规则系统两大类,为项目运作提供了实施结构和各种规范。非制度安排是一种非正式非契约的安排,包括声誉、关系网络、合法性策略意识等,有助于非营利组织成功承接项目。作为一种社会服务的体制和机制,项目制对非营利组织和社会系统产生了积极的影响。对非营利组织来说,增加了资源,获得了更多的社会认可,提高了合法性。对社会来说,提高了社会服务供给效率,满足多元化和变动的社会需求,创造和积累社会资本,促进公民社会的发展。社会服务项目制会在更大的范围扩散开来。本文研究发现,社会服务项目制不是一个统一体,它可以分为招投标项目制、委托项目制和申请项目制三种类型。本文认为项目制是理解政府与非营利组织关系的重要枢纽和关键点,是把服务对象整合进公共制度中的桥梁。社会服务项目制还是一种新的社会服务双轨制。本文提出了发展社会服务项目制的政策建议,包括：建立政府购买服务的公共财政基础,扩大政府购买项目的范围；大力培育和发展公益性非营利组织；培育专业化的项目运作人力资源；项目运作中专业社会工作的介入；完善社会服务项目评估体系。
[Abstract]:Social service project is a government funded or funded by the public welfare project outsourcing, non-profit organizations to undertake. In this paper, China's Shanghai and Shenzhen government social services outsourcing and non-profit organization project operation practice based on the analysis of the role of government in outsourcing project in the project, mechanism and logic, project mechanism of non-profit organization. Strategy and logic, and the project operation rules of the system and project system effect were studied.
The social service system is a kind of social service system and mechanism, under this system, the government supply of resources and non-profit organizations to provide services connected through projects, projects become a bridge, connecting resources and provide services between the project system is not only a way of raising funds and supplies, but also a to provide services, at the same time, it is to establish contact system stability of a funding agency and service agencies. Social services system is a system, from its constituent elements, it includes some subsystems, such as funding agencies, service agencies, service objects and other items from the main rules; look, it includes the institutional background, arrangement of institutional arrangements of formal and informal system; from the operation process of the project, it includes the identification of needs, propose solutions, the implementation of the project, the end of the project in four phases.
This paper argues that social macro environment for the construction of social service projects and project system provides power and conditions. Including the macro environment factors: the contradiction of social service supply and demand imbalance of social service pressure and power; system has laid a foundation for the construction of social services system of government procurement of services; the development of non-profit organizations to provide the organizational foundation for the project operation; welfare pluralism and new public management provides a theoretical basis for the operation of the government and non-profit organization project outsourcing project.
Social services system is in government and non-profit organizations around the project construction of the government, which plays the planning and policy makers, resource providers and organization management role. The project is the main mechanism of government outsourcing mechanism, including project bidding, project contracting and public venture capital, project outsourcing is the main logic of government the efficiency and effectiveness of the corresponding project. The logic mechanism of the government, the project mechanism of NPO is project contracting mechanism, including the project tendering and bidding, project contracting and public venture capital, in addition to the active government and the foundation for the project. The operation strategy of nonprofit organization of the project are: according to the organization of the project operation strategy the mobilization of staff involved in the project; design and development; differentiation and integration project; project management and rolling; through the project incubation and hatching mechanism; real The strategy of going out, to start remote mechanism and to undertake the project. Multiple logistic project operation of non-profit organizations including: mission or exist about the operation of the project; enhance the core competitiveness of the organization; improve employee remuneration; enhance the professional services; integration of resources; make trade-offs in short-term and long-term project project.
System and rules of project operation function: it is good tounifying project behavior and project order, is conducive to the realization of the unity of efficiency and cost, behavior and activity system for people to observe and understand the subject of the project provides a key. The system project background system and rules including the operation of the project, arrangement of institutional arrangements and the non system. The institutional background is exogenous, is a series of projects to identify behavior premise of basic political, economic, social and legal system, such as the system of government procurement and bidding system, basic system, NPO contract system, market mechanism, professional social work system. The institutional arrangements include organization system and rules the system provides two kinds of structure and implementation specifications for the project operation. Non institutional arrangement is a kind of informal non contractual arrangements, including reputation, relationship network, legal countermeasures A little awareness, etc., will help non-profit organizations to succeed in the project.
As a kind of social service system and mechanism, the project system has a positive effect on the non profit organization and social system. For non-profit organizations, increased resources, get more social recognition, improve legitimacy. For society, improve social service supply efficiency, meet the diverse and changing society demand, creation and accumulation of social capital, promote the development of civil society. The social services system in a wider range of spread.
This study found that the social services system is not a unified body, it can be divided into project bidding system, project preparation and application projects for three types. The project is an important hub for understanding the key points and the relationship between government and nonprofit organizations, is the service of a bridge system integrated into the public the social service system. The project is a new social service track system is put forward in this paper. The development of social services for policy recommendations, including: the establishment of the public finance of government procurement of services, expand the scope of government procurement projects; great efforts to cultivate and develop the public welfare non-profit organization; human resource project operation and foster professional the operation of the project; professional social work intervention; improve the social service project evaluation system.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D632.9

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