地方政府规章制定过程中的公众参与研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 19:34

本文关键词： 地方政府规章制定公众参与实效性改进建议　出处：《上海交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：政府规章制定过程中的公众参与,既是一个古老的话题,又是一个常说常新的话题。得益于政治层面的认同、市场经济的发展、公民社会的培养和学术理论的推动,公众参与已然成为一种社会需求、并取得一定社会共识。在这样的背景下,本文选取了与已有研究成果相区别的视角,一是运用公共管理领域的有关理论和模型,从而区别于以往更多地从政治学或法学的角度开展的研究;二是更注重立足于地方政府规章制定中的公众参与实践,在分析并承认实践中存在的问题和困惑的前提下,试图找寻现对策、提出建议,以期结论更具针对性、实效性,使得这一话题的研究具有现实意义。为此,本文的研究,首先沿着是什么、为什么、怎么样的思路,对相关的基本理论做了整理和阐述,对文中所用的地方政府规章、公众参与等概念做了限定,对参与式民主和行政民主理论做了历史性回顾,并借助对阶梯理论和有效决策模型的介绍,说明了理论层面对于应该怎样开展公众参与的观点和认识。公众参与在我国也已有了一定的实践,形成了一批制度,探索了一批做法,积累了一些经验,也暴露了一些问题。文章通过实证研究,梳理了我国有关地方政府规章制定中的公众参与的制度规范,分类描述了其中有关地方政府规章立项、起草、审查决定等环节的制度规范,听证制度的相关规定,以及与公众参与相关的配套制度的内容;重点研究了上海市政府规章制定工作中,就规章草案向社会公开征求意见和召开立法听证会这两类公众参与的具体实践,以大量实证数据为支撑,量化描述了公众参与的信息基础、过程保障和实质体现的真实情况。在理论铺陈和实证研究的基础上,本文尝试对我国地方政府规章制定中的公众参与实践做出诊断。为此,文章首先确立了评判的标准,也即公众参与的应有功能和有效性问题。通过研究学术理论上和政策制度上对于公众参与应有功能的界定和预设,总结了公众参与的核心功能——民主在不同阶段、不同层面的若干具体表现,并从公众的收效和政府的收效两个角度做了列举。围绕公众参与功能的实现,分析了公众有效参与的要件,提出了不同角度的评判标准和影响因素,并简要分析了其深层次原因。以前文的实证分析为依据,对照公众参与应有功能和有效性的研究结论,文章从参与主体、操作规则、参与渠道和方式,以及保障机制等方面列举了我国在地方政府规章制定中的公众参与实践方面存在的一些问题和不足,简要分析了上述问题的存因,并以相关理论模型为参考,结合我国实际,在政府自身更新理念、提升技能,政府对公众加强培养和扶助,以及完善制度、创新方式等不同角度和层面提出了具体的改进建议。
[Abstract]:Public participation in the process of making government regulations is not only an old topic, but also a topic that is often said to be new. Thanks to political recognition, the development of market economy, the cultivation of civil society and the promotion of academic theory, Public participation has become a kind of social demand and has gained a certain social consensus. Under this background, this paper chooses the different angle of view from the existing research achievements. One is to use the relevant theories and models in the field of public management. This is different from the previous research from the angle of political science or law, and the second is to pay more attention to the practice of public participation based on the local government regulations, under the premise of analyzing and acknowledging the problems and puzzles existing in the practice. This paper tries to find the present countermeasures and put forward some suggestions, in order to make the conclusion more pertinent and effective, so that the research on this topic has practical significance. For this reason, the research of this paper first follows the ideas of what, why and what, The relevant basic theories are summarized and expounded, the concepts of local government regulations and public participation used in this paper are limited, and the theories of participatory democracy and administrative democracy are reviewed historically. With the introduction of ladder theory and effective decision-making model, this paper explains the viewpoint and understanding of how to carry out public participation in the theoretical level. Public participation has also been practiced in China and formed a number of systems. It explores a number of practices, accumulates some experiences, and exposes some problems. Through empirical research, the article combs the system norms of public participation in the formulation of local government regulations in China. The classification describes the rules and regulations of the local government, drafting, examining and deciding, and the relevant provisions of the hearing system, as well as the contents of the supporting system related to public participation. Focusing on the specific practice of public participation in the process of making regulations of the Shanghai Municipal Government, such as soliciting public opinions on the draft regulations and holding legislative hearings, supported by a large number of empirical data, This paper quantitatively describes the information basis of public participation, the process guarantee and the real situation embodied in substance. On the basis of theoretical presentation and empirical research, this paper attempts to diagnose the practice of public participation in the formulation of local government regulations in China. This paper first establishes the criterion of evaluation, that is, the problem of the function and effectiveness of public participation. By studying the definition and presupposition of the function of public participation in academic theory and policy system, This paper summarizes the core function of public participation-some concrete manifestations of democracy at different stages and different levels, and enumerates it from two angles of public effect and government effect. This paper analyzes the elements of effective public participation, puts forward the evaluation criteria and influencing factors from different angles, and briefly analyzes the deep-seated reasons. Based on the empirical analysis in the previous paper, the conclusions of the research on the function and effectiveness of public participation are compared. This paper enumerates some problems and shortcomings in the practice of public participation in the formulation of local government regulations in China from the aspects of the main body of participation, the operational rules, the channels and ways of participation, as well as the safeguard mechanism, etc. This paper briefly analyzes the causes of the above problems, and with the reference of relevant theoretical models, combines the reality of our country, in the government itself to update the concept, upgrade skills, the government to strengthen the training and assistance to the public, as well as improve the system, Innovative ways and other different angles and levels of specific suggestions for improvement.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D621.5

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