中国城市养老服务的政府购买问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 13:46

本文选题：政府购买 + 城市养老服务　；参考：《东北财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在中国面临着快速老龄化发展趋势的同时,中国家庭养老的功能逐渐退化,这也大大削弱了城市的养老服务水平和功能。在快速老龄化、家庭养老功能退化和城市建设需要这三种因素的影响下,城市的养老服务压力就会越来越大。为了缓解这些压力,在城市养老服务中政府就必须利用社会力量,加大城市养老服务的购买力度。在这种背景下,关于中国城市养老服务政府购买问题的研究就显得特别重要。本文首先介绍了政府购买城市养老服务相关的研究进展,主要分析了国内和国外政府购买养老服务的研究现状以及发展趋势。总体而言,我国城市养老服务的发展趋势基本上会涉及几点：第一是构建城市养老服务经营的模式；第二是要加强养老服务体系的建设；第三是促进城市养老服务和养老产品的多样化的发展；第四是实现城市养老服务供给主体的多元化。西方国家关于政府购买公共服务的发展趋势我们可以总结如下：(1)政府与非营利性组织合作的趋势越来越强；(2)政府与非营利性组织的合作,要保持政府对非营利性组织运作的监督和管理；(3)把越来越多的公共服务外包给各种社会组织。这些经验对本文的研究具有重要的借鉴意义。在这个基础上,重点论述了政府购买的相关理论以及相关的研究评述,具体的理论主要包括政府购买公共服务的理论基础,政府购买养老服务的理论基础。接着以临沂市为例分析了中国城市养老服务的供给现状,主要内容包括：(1)我国城市社会养老服务的发展概况：经过几十年的发展,中国已经初步形成以居家养老为基础,社区服务为依托,机构养老为补充的社会养老服务体系。(2)临沂市社会养老服务的发展现状：临沂市为了转变政府职能,改进政府提供公共服务方式,在养老服务领域体积极推行政府购买的方式,安排专项资金向社会供养机构购买服务,同时努力推行“政府购买居家养老服务”,促进了居家养老服务市场的发展。(3)政府购买在城市养老服务中实施的迫切性与必要性：主要体现在目前的城市养老服务对老年人提供的生活照顾方面的服务不周到、养老资源的供给效率有待提高、养老服务的经费严重不足、养老服务队伍建设有待完善等等。这些问题的解决必须依靠政府购买来实现。(4)国内政府购买在城市养老服务供给中的应用现状,重点讲述了(1)国内政府购买在城市养老服务中的作用途径：加大对民办养老服务的资金支持、制定相关的优惠政策、积极引导社会组织参与城市养老服务的供给、充分发挥市场竞争机制的作用等等。(2)政府购买在城市养老服务遇到的瓶颈。接着分析了国际政府购买在城市养老服务供给中的经验借鉴,重点分析了美国和日本两个国家的经验做法,以此总结出国际政府购买城市养老服务的实践对我国的启示：(1)遵循立法先行的制度规律；(2)鼓励和支持多元主体参与到城市养老服务的提供中来；(3)政府购买城市养老服务的内容非常丰富；(4)实现政府购买养老服务的专业化。最后,针对建立中国城市养老服务政府购买制度的对策我们有以下建议：(1)加快建立完善政府购买的相关法律法规；(2)培育新型政府成为政府购买的主体；(3)确定政府购买养老服务的内容；(4)推动政府购买养老服务的各类载体的健康发展；(5)建立政府购买养老服务的监督机制；本文采用公共管理的理论和方法,结合国内外政府购买在城市养老服务中的发展,在对临沂市养老服务供给现状分析的基础上得出了政府购买在城市养老服务实施中的必要性,接着又分析了国际政府购买在养老服务供给中的经验借鉴,从而进一步提出了建立中国城市养老服务政府购买制度的对策建议,为我国城市养老服务政府购买的发展提供有力的理论依据和一定的实践基础。
[Abstract]:While China is facing the trend of rapid aging, the function of Chinese family pension is gradually reduced, which has greatly weakened the level and function of the service for the aged in the city. Under the influence of three factors, such as fast aging, deterioration of family pension function and urban construction, the pressure of urban service for the aged will become more and more serious. To alleviate these pressures, the government must make use of social forces to increase the purchasing power of urban old-age service in urban old-age service. In this context, it is particularly important to study the problem of government purchase of urban pension services in China.
This article first introduces the research progress related to the government purchase of urban old-age service, mainly analyzes the research status and development trend of the domestic and foreign government to buy the old-age service. In general, the development trend of the urban old-age service in our country will basically involve several points: first, to construct the mode of urban old-age service management; second It is to strengthen the construction of the old-age service system; third is to promote the diversified development of urban old-age service and endowment products; the fourth is to diversify the main body of urban old-age service supply. In the west, the trend of the development of government purchase of public service can be summarized as follows: (1) the cooperation between the government and non-profit organizations will be summarized as follows. The potential is becoming stronger and stronger; (2) the cooperation between the government and non-profit organizations should maintain the government's supervision and management of the operation of non-profit organizations; (3) outsourcing more and more public services to various social organizations. These experiences have important reference significance for the study of this article.
On this basis, it focuses on the relevant theories of government purchase and related research review. The specific theory mainly includes the theoretical basis of the government purchase of public services, and the theoretical basis for the government to buy the old-age service.
Then take Linyi city as an example to analyze the supply status of urban old-age service in China. The main contents include: (1) the development of urban social old-age service in China: after decades of development, China has initially formed a social old-age service system based on home care, community service and institutional pension. (2) Linyi In order to change government functions and improve the government's public service mode, Linyi city promotes government purchase in the old-age service field, arranges special funds to buy services to social support institutions, and efforts to promote the "government purchase of home old-age service" and promote home old-age clothing. The development of the service market. (3) the urgency and necessity of the government purchase in the urban old-age service: it is mainly reflected in the poor service of the present urban old-age service for the elderly, the efficiency of the supply of the endowment resources needs to be improved, the funds for the service of the aged are seriously insufficient and the construction of the service team for the aged needs to be completed. Good and so on. The solution of these problems must depend on the government purchase. (4) the application of the domestic government purchase in the supply of urban old-age service, and focuses on (1) the ways of the domestic government to buy in the urban old-age service: increase the support for the private pension services, formulate relevant preferential policies, and actively guide the society. Organizations participate in the supply of urban aged care services, give full play to the role of market competition mechanism and so on. (2) the bottleneck that government purchases in urban pension services.
Then it analyzes the experience of the international government purchase in the supply of urban old-age service, focuses on the analysis of the experience of two countries in the United States and Japan, in order to summarize the Enlightenment of the practice of the international government to buy urban old-age service to our country: (1) follow the law of legislative advance, and (2) encourage and support multiple subjects to participate in the city. In the provision of urban aged care services, (3) the content of government purchase of urban pension services is very rich; (4) to realize the professionalization of government purchase of pension services.
Finally, in view of the countermeasures to establish the government purchase system of Chinese urban pension service, we have the following suggestions: (1) speeding up the establishment and perfecting the relevant laws and regulations of the government purchase; (2) cultivating a new government to become the main body of the government purchase; (3) determining the internal capacity of the government to purchase the old-age service; (4) to promote the government to purchase all kinds of support for the old-age service. Healthy development; (5) establish the supervision mechanism of government purchasing pension services;
This article adopts the theory and method of public management, combined with the development of the domestic and foreign government purchase in the urban old-age service. On the basis of the analysis of the present situation of the supply of endowment service in Linyi, the necessity of the government purchase in the implementation of urban old-age service is obtained, and then the experience of the international government purchase in the supply of the old-age service is also analyzed. In order to provide a strong theoretical basis and a certain practical basis for the development of the government purchase of urban old-age service in China, the countermeasures and suggestions for the establishment of the government purchase system for urban old-age service in China are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D669.6

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