中国非政府组织参与医疗救助问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 16:42

【摘要】：20世纪80年代以来，非政府组织逐渐步入社会管理领域和广大民众视野。非政府组织作为政府组织的有益补充，在当今社会生活、公共管理、医疗救助等方面发挥了积极作用。深化我国社会政治经济改革和发展的同时，非政府组织的发展遭遇了诸多困难和瓶颈。非政府医疗救助组织是非政府组织的重要组成部分，它除具有一般非政府组织的特征外，还有其特殊之处即专业性较强，如救助艾滋病、先天性心脏病、白血病等等，并对治疗其他一些特殊类疾病起到了宣传、普及疾病知识和预防疾病发生的重要作用，但限于其自身规模、专业技能、人员素质等方面，在某种程度上阻碍了其在疾病防治、医疗救助等方面作出更大的贡献。本文运用公共管理理论，对我国非政府组织在参与医疗救助中的问题进行单独研究和分析，旨在进一步明确非政府组织参与医疗救助的政策、途径和措施，引导和规范非政府医疗救助组织发展，进而弥补政府部门的力所不及。本文除绪论外，共分四部分：一是分析中国开展医疗救助工作现状。政府作为单一主体的社会医疗救助存在不可避免的局限性，，主要是政府财力有限、救助的低效率和不平衡性，并分析了非政府组织参与医疗救助发挥作用的定位。二是分析中国非政府组织参与医疗救助现状和存在的问题。亟待解决资金短缺，筹措资金能力不强；专业人才匮乏，从业人员素质参差不齐；法律体系有漏洞，管理规范滞后；政府支持和监督管理力度不够等问题。三是以中国红十字基金会和美国非政府医疗救助组织为例，提出国内外非政府组织参与医疗救助案例的借鉴经验，即结合实际，积极探索中国特色的非政府组织发展之路；坚持财政税收政策的基础和导向作用，实现政府与社会组织的合作双赢；注重培育发展与监督管理并重，切实发挥非政府组织积极作用；提高项目载体创新和自律能力，不断加强非政府组织软实力建设。四是研究促进中国非政府组织参与医疗救助的对策。进一步明确非政府组织在医疗救助中的优势和作用，提出促进非政府组织参与医疗救助的具体建议。非政府组织在我国社会发展中处于起步阶段，社会地位和作用发挥极为有限，民众认知度和参与性亟待提升，非政府组织发展外界的法律政策环境保障不够，内部机构设置、运行机制和能力水平尚显不足。如今随着我国经济社会转型加快，改革开放成效彰显，我们有理由相信我国非政府组织将在这重大发展机遇期中逐步兴起，影响作用日益扩大，不仅仅包括医疗救助乃至各个领域担当更大的社会建设和社会治理任务，推动和促进公共服务体系发展和完善，影响并优化社会公共决策和资源，在构建社会主义和谐社会中扮演愈加重要的角色。
[Abstract]:Since 1980 s, NGOs have gradually stepped into the field of social management and public vision. As a beneficial supplement of government organizations, NGOs play an active role in social life, public administration, medical aid and so on. While deepening the reform and development of social politics and economy in our country, the development of non-governmental organizations has encountered many difficulties and bottlenecks. Non-governmental medical relief organizations are an important part of non-governmental organizations. In addition to the characteristics of general non-governmental organizations, they also have their special features, that is, they are highly specialized, such as AIDS, congenital heart disease, leukemia, and so on. It has played an important role in publicizing the treatment of other special diseases, popularizing disease knowledge and preventing the occurrence of diseases, but limited to its own scale, professional skills, personnel quality, and so on, to some extent, it has hindered its disease prevention and treatment. Medical aid and other areas to make greater contributions. Based on the theory of public management, this paper makes a separate study and analysis on the participation of non-governmental organizations in medical assistance in order to further clarify the policies, approaches and measures of non-governmental organizations participating in medical assistance. Guide and standardize the development of non-governmental medical aid organizations, and then make up for the inability of government departments. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into four parts: first, the analysis of the status of medical assistance in China. The government as a single subject of social medical assistance has the inevitable limitations, mainly the limited financial resources of the government, the low efficiency and imbalance of relief, and analyzes the role of non-governmental organizations in the role of medical assistance. The second is to analyze the current situation and existing problems of Chinese NGOs participating in medical assistance. It is urgent to solve the problems of shortage of funds, weak ability of raising funds; lack of professional talents and uneven quality of employees; loopholes in the legal system, lagging behind of management norms; insufficient government support and supervision and management. Third, taking the Chinese Red Cross Foundation and the United States non-governmental medical relief organizations as examples, the paper puts forward the experience of non-governmental organizations at home and abroad in participating in medical assistance cases, that is, combining the actual situation, actively exploring the development of non-governmental organizations with Chinese characteristics. Adhere to the basic and guiding role of fiscal and taxation policies, achieve win-win cooperation between the government and social organizations, pay equal attention to fostering, development, and supervision and management, give full play to the positive role of non-governmental organizations, and improve the ability of project carrier innovation and self-discipline, We will continue to strengthen the construction of non-governmental organizations' soft power. Fourth, the research promotes the Chinese non-governmental organization to participate in the medical aid countermeasure. The advantages and functions of NGOs in medical assistance are further clarified, and specific suggestions for promoting NGO participation in medical assistance are put forward. Non-governmental organizations are in their infancy in our country's social development, their social status and role are very limited, the awareness and participation of the people need to be improved urgently, the legal and policy environment for the development of non-governmental organizations is inadequate, and the internal institutions are set up. The operation mechanism and the ability level are still insufficient. With the acceleration of economic and social transformation in our country and the marked results of reform and opening up, we have reason to believe that non-governmental organizations in our country will gradually rise and play an increasingly influential role in this important period of development opportunities. It not only includes medical assistance and all fields, but also takes on greater social construction and social governance tasks, promotes and promotes the development and improvement of public service system, and influences and optimizes social public decision-making and resources. In the construction of socialist harmonious society plays an increasingly important role.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D632.1

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