我国非营利组织参与自然灾害危机管理现状研究
发布时间：2018-07-21 12:46
【摘要】：20世纪70年代以来,无论是在国际社会还是在一个国家内部,非营利组织以其发展速度之快、影响范围之广、介入程度之深,引起了越来越多的关注。特别是近年来,在频发的地震、干旱和洪灾等大规模的自然灾害面前,非营利组织不仅在某种程度上弥补了政府救助能力不足的缺陷,而且以其迅速的反应速度和专业化的能力,起到了越来越突出的作用。实践表明,非营利组织已经成为我国自然灾害危机管理的关键力量之一。 尽管如此,但我们也应注意到,受传统政府管理模式和非营利组织发展时间短、能力建设不足等因素的影响,非营利组织在自然危机管理中远未能发挥其应有的作用,与民众需求和期望还存在着不小的差距。因“郭美美事件”等慈善丑闻所引爆的社会捐赠下滑、公益发展社会环境恶化等,这更是在一定程度上抑制了非营利组织的潜能。面对非营利组织参与自然灾害危机管理不足的现状,我们需在制度、渠道、能力和社会认知等方面进行持续的改进。其中,作为公共权力掌控者的政府,应当如何更有效地整合各种社会资源和力量,并在政社合作中更好地实施自然灾害危机管理,是本文研究的焦点。 本文从五个方面深入研究：第一部分,前言。介绍的是非营利组织参与自然灾害危机管理的选题背景和研究意义,国内外的相关研究、研究方法和思路。第二部分,理论探究。包括非营利组织参与到大概念公共管理及小范围公共危机管理的依据研究和理论研究,即非营利组织参与自然灾害危机的作用研究。第三部分,案例分析。以汶川地震和雅安地震为切入点,分析非营利组织参与两次自然灾害公共危机的进展；以日本为例,借鉴日本在自然灾害危机应对中的成功经验。第四部分,对非营利组织参与自然灾害公共危机应对的困境剖析,包括政府和非营利组织两个角度。第五部分则是推进非营利组织参与自然灾害危机管理的措施。分别从政府与非营利组织的关系层面,非营利组织自身素质提高和政府职能转变三个角度进行分析,探讨非营利组织如何在公共危机管理中发挥更大的作用及我国危机管理体系的完善。
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s, no matter in the international community or in a country, non-profit organizations have attracted more and more attention for their rapid development, wide range of influence and deep involvement. In particular, in recent years, in the face of large-scale natural disasters such as frequent earthquakes, droughts and floods, non-profit organizations have not only made up for the deficiencies in the government's ability to assist to a certain extent. And with its rapid reaction speed and specialized ability, played a more and more prominent role. Practice shows that non-profit organizations have become one of the key forces of natural disaster crisis management in China. Nevertheless, we should also note that, under the influence of traditional government management models and the short development time and insufficient capacity-building of non-profit organizations, non-profit organizations are far from playing their proper role in natural crisis management. There is still a large gap with the needs and expectations of the people. The decline of social donation and the deterioration of social environment caused by such charitable scandals as "Guo Meimei incident" have restrained the potential of non-profit organizations to a certain extent. In the face of the lack of participation of non-profit organizations in natural disaster crisis management, we need to make continuous improvement in system, channel, ability and social cognition. The focus of this paper is how the government, as the owner of public power, should integrate all kinds of social resources and forces more effectively and implement the natural disaster crisis management better in the cooperation of government and society. This paper studies in depth from five aspects: the first part, preface. This paper introduces the background and significance of the research on the participation of non-profit organizations in natural disaster crisis management, as well as the relevant research, research methods and ideas at home and abroad. The second part, theoretical research. It includes the research on the basis and theory of the participation of non-profit organizations in the large-scale concept of public management and the small scale of public crisis management, that is, the role of non-profit organizations in natural disaster crisis. The third part, case analysis. Taking Wenchuan earthquake and Ya'an earthquake as the starting point, this paper analyzes the progress of non-profit organizations' participation in the public crises of two natural disasters, and takes Japan as an example to learn from Japan's successful experience in natural disaster crisis response. The fourth part analyzes the plight of NPO participating in public crisis of natural disaster, including government and NPO. The fifth part is to promote non-profit organizations to participate in natural disaster crisis management measures. From the angle of the relationship between the government and the non-profit organization, the improvement of the quality of the non-profit organization and the transformation of the government function, the paper analyzes the relationship between the government and the non-profit organization. This paper discusses how non-profit organizations play a greater role in public crisis management and how to perfect the crisis management system in China.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D632.9;D63
本文编号：2135574
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s, no matter in the international community or in a country, non-profit organizations have attracted more and more attention for their rapid development, wide range of influence and deep involvement. In particular, in recent years, in the face of large-scale natural disasters such as frequent earthquakes, droughts and floods, non-profit organizations have not only made up for the deficiencies in the government's ability to assist to a certain extent. And with its rapid reaction speed and specialized ability, played a more and more prominent role. Practice shows that non-profit organizations have become one of the key forces of natural disaster crisis management in China. Nevertheless, we should also note that, under the influence of traditional government management models and the short development time and insufficient capacity-building of non-profit organizations, non-profit organizations are far from playing their proper role in natural crisis management. There is still a large gap with the needs and expectations of the people. The decline of social donation and the deterioration of social environment caused by such charitable scandals as "Guo Meimei incident" have restrained the potential of non-profit organizations to a certain extent. In the face of the lack of participation of non-profit organizations in natural disaster crisis management, we need to make continuous improvement in system, channel, ability and social cognition. The focus of this paper is how the government, as the owner of public power, should integrate all kinds of social resources and forces more effectively and implement the natural disaster crisis management better in the cooperation of government and society. This paper studies in depth from five aspects: the first part, preface. This paper introduces the background and significance of the research on the participation of non-profit organizations in natural disaster crisis management, as well as the relevant research, research methods and ideas at home and abroad. The second part, theoretical research. It includes the research on the basis and theory of the participation of non-profit organizations in the large-scale concept of public management and the small scale of public crisis management, that is, the role of non-profit organizations in natural disaster crisis. The third part, case analysis. Taking Wenchuan earthquake and Ya'an earthquake as the starting point, this paper analyzes the progress of non-profit organizations' participation in the public crises of two natural disasters, and takes Japan as an example to learn from Japan's successful experience in natural disaster crisis response. The fourth part analyzes the plight of NPO participating in public crisis of natural disaster, including government and NPO. The fifth part is to promote non-profit organizations to participate in natural disaster crisis management measures. From the angle of the relationship between the government and the non-profit organization, the improvement of the quality of the non-profit organization and the transformation of the government function, the paper analyzes the relationship between the government and the non-profit organization. This paper discusses how non-profit organizations play a greater role in public crisis management and how to perfect the crisis management system in China.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D632.9;D63
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
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3 ;从雅安地震看中国应急界的进步[J];卫星与网络;2013年05期
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