公益类事业单位改革定位的思考

发布时间：2018-08-29 13:57

【摘要】：事业单位改革是我国当前公共管理研究领域中的重大理论课题。公益类事业单位是各类高层次人才的聚集地,是为我国经济建设和社会事业发展做出重要贡献的主力军,将成为政府与企业之间沟通的桥梁。它对社会公共事业的发展、公益服务范围和种类的扩大起着十分重要的推动作用。它为社会主义物质文明建设打下了基础,又为社会主义精神文明建设提供了重要的力量。然而随着社会主义市场经济的飞速发展,事业单位却在整体上处于制度管理、改革滞后的境地。机构膨胀、财政负担加重、效率提高缓慢、公共服务供给不足,已经严重影响了教育、科技、文化、卫生乃至整个国民经济和社会事业的发展。作为事业单位主体的公益类事业单位数量庞大,政府为保障他们生存和发展提供了大量的资源和财政拨款,但这些却没能与他们提供的公共服务和履行应尽的职责对等,反而成为谋取利益的温床和途径,有些公益类事业单位利用其在职能上、性质上的便利,最大限度的游离在政府部门与企业的界线之间,既赚取了私利,又没有政府机关的约束和企业的市场压力。这就种下了扰乱经济运行规则的恶果,导致社会资源不能正常配置,许多公益类事业单位已经沦为腐败滋生的主要土壤,致使国有资产大量流失。虽然中国政府从1985年至今进行了几次大规模的事业单位改革,但效果始终不理想。随着市场经济的不断发展和进步,公益类事业单位的服务水平和服务质量受到社会公众越来越多的诟病,人们对社会公共服务的改革呼声日益强烈。在这样的形势下,我认为研究探索公益类事业单位的改革模式具有必要性、紧迫性和积极的现实意义。但如何改革,怎样破除产生于旧的计划经济体制的事业单位管理体制和运行机制,建立一个能与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的,满足公共服务需要的,科学合理、精简高效的现代公共事业体系就成为改革中的难点、重点。要想得出这些问题的正确答案就必须明确我国公益类事业单位的现状、存在的问题及产生的原因,综合分析国内外先进的理论和实践经验,将之与我国国情和社会需要相整合,从而对公益类事业单位改革方向进行准确的定位,探索出符合我国国情、适应社会公共服务事业发展的正确之路,进而制定出一整套行之有效的方针、政策和具体措施。本文根据公益类事业单位改革的发展态势,就转变政府角色、建立新型法人治理结构、健全内部管理制度和运行机制等方面提出自己的观点和改革建议,力求通过本项研究,为学术界对公益类事业单位改革这一课题提出一些新的研究角度,开展深层次的探索。
[Abstract]:The reform of public institutions is an important theoretical subject in the field of public administration research in China. The public welfare institution is the gathering place of all kinds of high-level talents. It is the main force that makes important contribution to the economic construction and social development of our country. It will become the bridge between the government and the enterprise. It plays a very important role in the development of social public utilities and the expansion of the scope and types of public services. It laid the foundation for the construction of socialist material civilization and provided important strength for the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. However, with the rapid development of socialist market economy, institutions are in the situation of institutional management and lagging reform. The expansion of institutions, the aggravation of financial burden, the slow improvement of efficiency and the insufficient supply of public services have seriously affected the development of education, science and technology, culture, health and even the whole national economy and social undertakings. As the main body of public institutions, the number of public welfare institutions is huge. The government has provided a lot of resources and financial allocations to ensure their survival and development, but these have not been equal to the public services they provide and the duties they should perform. Instead, it has become a hotbed and a means for seeking benefits. Some public welfare institutions have made use of their functions and nature to maximize their separation between government departments and enterprises, thus earning private profits. There are no government agencies and the constraints of the enterprise market pressure. As a result, social resources can not be allocated normally, and many public welfare institutions have been reduced to the main soil of corruption, resulting in a large loss of state-owned assets. Although the Chinese government has carried out several large-scale institutional reforms since 1985, the results have not been satisfactory. With the continuous development and progress of the market economy, the service level and service quality of public welfare institutions have been criticized more and more by the public. In such a situation, I think it is necessary, urgent and positive to study and explore the reform model of public welfare institutions. However, how to reform, how to break down the management system and operation mechanism of public institutions arising from the old planned economic system, and how to establish a scientific and reasonable one that can adapt to the socialist market economic system and meet the needs of public services, Streamlined and efficient modern public utility system has become a difficult point in the reform. In order to get the correct answer to these questions, we must make clear the present situation, the existing problems and the causes of the public welfare institutions in our country, comprehensively analyze the advanced theories and practical experiences at home and abroad, and integrate them with the national conditions and the social needs of our country. Thus, the reform direction of public welfare institutions is accurately positioned, and the correct way to adapt to the development of social public service is explored, and a set of effective policies, policies and concrete measures are worked out. According to the development trend of the reform of public welfare institutions, this paper puts forward its own views and reform suggestions on changing the role of the government, establishing a new type of corporate governance structure, perfecting the internal management system and operating mechanism, and so on. This paper puts forward some new research angles for the reform of public welfare institutions in academic circles and carries out deep exploration.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D630.3

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