现阶段我国公共危机管理机制的困境及出路
发布时间：2018-11-24 18:47
【摘要】：目前我国正处在改革和社会转型的关键时期，由于各种利益的分配不均衡和社会主体的各方价值不同而引发的分歧，再加上全球生态环境恶化而引发的各种自然灾害，各种危机事件频繁发生，如矿难事故、食品安全引发的各类公共卫生危机事件、冰雪灾害等等，而且公共危机事件发生频率呈现逐年上升的趋势，因此提升全社会尤其是政府应对公共危机的能力刻不容缓。 危机虽然有时候是无法避免的，但是政府及各级管理部门可以采取各种方式做好预防工作，最大限度的减少危机事件的发生，当危机无法避免而到来之时有专业的应急机构对危机事件做出正确的应对决策。政府作为公共利益的代表者、公共事务的管理者以及公共权力的行使者，面对出现的各种危机有责任也有义务采取各种措施积极应对，提升公共管理水平，将危机的损失降至最低。 文章主要采用案例分析法对我国应对公共危机事件过程中出现的问题进行剖析分析从而引出解决对策。对我国公共危机管理的机制进行了概括，包括政府预案预警机制的建立、决策与指挥机制的完善、法律法规机制建设的刻不容缓、信息管理机制的纽带作用以及绩效评估机制的必要性，突出了我国应对公共危机事件过程中的各个环节的重要性和必要性。重点就是通过对甬温线特大交通事故的案例分析引出目前我国政府及相关管理部门在应对公共危机事件时所暴露的问题，在预案预警阶段对到来危机的识别不足，应急阶段管理机构权责不清，缺乏组织化保障，政策执行阶段的信息沟通有待完善从而引起恐慌。除此之外，法律保障体系不完善、领导者未能责任行政理念和管理者与公众的危机意识薄弱等。核心就是透过问题找对策，，提出了提升公共危机应对能力的政策选择，主要包括：建构多中心的综合治理网络，吸纳不同于政府的第三方来共同治理危机，与此同时要建立健全公共危机管理机制，做好危机发生前的准备工作，应急阶段的重组的物资保障和协调的指挥部署，善后恢复阶段的评估反馈等；除此在媒体经济发展的今天要关注媒体的舆论作用，化危机为转机等等。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is in a critical period of reform and social transformation. The differences caused by the uneven distribution of various interests and the different values of the various parties of the social main body, together with the various natural disasters caused by the deterioration of the global ecological environment, A variety of crisis events occur frequently, such as mine accidents, various public health crises caused by food safety, ice and snow disasters, etc. The frequency of public crisis events is increasing year by year. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the ability of the whole society, especially the government to deal with the public crisis. Although crises are sometimes unavoidable, governments and management at all levels can do a good job of prevention in various ways to minimize the occurrence of crisis events. When the crisis is inevitable, there is a professional emergency response to the crisis to make the right decision. The government, as the representative of public interest, the administrator of public affairs and the executor of public power, has the responsibility and obligation to take various measures to improve the level of public administration in the face of various crises. Minimize the loss of the crisis. This paper mainly uses case analysis method to analyze and analyze the problems in the process of dealing with the public crisis events in China, so as to draw up the countermeasures. This paper summarizes the mechanism of public crisis management in our country, including the establishment of early warning mechanism of government plan, the perfection of decision-making and command mechanism, and the construction of laws and regulations mechanism. The link function of information management mechanism and the necessity of performance evaluation mechanism highlight the importance and necessity of each link in the process of dealing with public crisis in our country. The key point is that through the case analysis of the serious traffic accident on the Yongwen Line, the problems exposed by our government and relevant management departments in dealing with public crisis events at present are drawn, and the identification of the coming crisis is insufficient in the early warning stage of the plan. In the emergency stage, the authority and responsibility of the management organization are not clear, and the information communication in the policy implementation stage needs to be improved, thus causing panic. In addition, the legal security system is imperfect, the leaders fail to manage the concept of responsibility and the sense of crisis between managers and the public is weak. The core is to find solutions through the problems, put forward the policy options to enhance the ability of public crisis response, mainly include: building a multi-center comprehensive governance network, attracting third parties different from the government to jointly manage the crisis. At the same time, we should establish and perfect the public crisis management mechanism, do a good job in preparation before the crisis, in the emergency phase of the reorganization of material support and coordinated command and deployment, and in the stage of aftercare and recovery evaluation feedback; In addition to this in the media economic development today, we should pay attention to the role of media public opinion, turn the crisis into a turnaround and so on.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D63
[Abstract]:At present, our country is in a critical period of reform and social transformation. The differences caused by the uneven distribution of various interests and the different values of the various parties of the social main body, together with the various natural disasters caused by the deterioration of the global ecological environment, A variety of crisis events occur frequently, such as mine accidents, various public health crises caused by food safety, ice and snow disasters, etc. The frequency of public crisis events is increasing year by year. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the ability of the whole society, especially the government to deal with the public crisis. Although crises are sometimes unavoidable, governments and management at all levels can do a good job of prevention in various ways to minimize the occurrence of crisis events. When the crisis is inevitable, there is a professional emergency response to the crisis to make the right decision. The government, as the representative of public interest, the administrator of public affairs and the executor of public power, has the responsibility and obligation to take various measures to improve the level of public administration in the face of various crises. Minimize the loss of the crisis. This paper mainly uses case analysis method to analyze and analyze the problems in the process of dealing with the public crisis events in China, so as to draw up the countermeasures. This paper summarizes the mechanism of public crisis management in our country, including the establishment of early warning mechanism of government plan, the perfection of decision-making and command mechanism, and the construction of laws and regulations mechanism. The link function of information management mechanism and the necessity of performance evaluation mechanism highlight the importance and necessity of each link in the process of dealing with public crisis in our country. The key point is that through the case analysis of the serious traffic accident on the Yongwen Line, the problems exposed by our government and relevant management departments in dealing with public crisis events at present are drawn, and the identification of the coming crisis is insufficient in the early warning stage of the plan. In the emergency stage, the authority and responsibility of the management organization are not clear, and the information communication in the policy implementation stage needs to be improved, thus causing panic. In addition, the legal security system is imperfect, the leaders fail to manage the concept of responsibility and the sense of crisis between managers and the public is weak. The core is to find solutions through the problems, put forward the policy options to enhance the ability of public crisis response, mainly include: building a multi-center comprehensive governance network, attracting third parties different from the government to jointly manage the crisis. At the same time, we should establish and perfect the public crisis management mechanism, do a good job in preparation before the crisis, in the emergency phase of the reorganization of material support and coordinated command and deployment, and in the stage of aftercare and recovery evaluation feedback; In addition to this in the media economic development today, we should pay attention to the role of media public opinion, turn the crisis into a turnaround and so on.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D63
【参考文献】
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