行政诉讼被告确认标准问题研究

发布时间：2019-03-31 13:38

【摘要】：法律的基本作用之一乃是使人类为数众多、种类纷繁、各不相同的行为与关系达致某种合理程度的秩序，并颁布一些适用于某些应予以限制的行为或禁止性行为的行为规则或行为标准。为了完成这一任务，法律制度就必须形成一些有助于对社会生活中多种多样的现象与事件进行分类的法律标准。这样就为调整或处理相同或基本相似的现象奠定了基础。因此，法律标准可以被视为是用来以一种简略的方式识别抽象法律规范所指向的具体对象的工具。而针对行政诉讼被告出现的这种法律标准被称之为“行政诉讼被告确认标准”，其存在的主旨是识别出适格的行政案件的被告。我国现行的行政诉讼被告的确认标准是“谁主体，谁被告”，就是“谁是行政主体，谁是被告”。这是以行政主体作为判定适格被告的标准，是行政主体的肯定可以是行政诉讼被告，反之，不是行政主体的一定不是行政诉讼的被告。然而，长期以来，以这样的行政主体决定行政案件被告的标准，虽然在一定时期对于行政诉讼制度的发展有一定的作用，但是随着公共服务理念的深入，随着公共行政的发展，大量的行使公共职能的组织出现，单纯使用“行政主体”作为决定行政诉讼被告的标准已经不能适应社会的发展的需要，甚至于成为了行政诉讼制度健康发展的阻碍。基于此，本文在通过对行政诉讼被告确认标准的基本理论以及现有“谁主体，谁被告”标准存在的弊端的具体论述后，提出以“谁行为，谁被告”为新的确认标准。并在通过对域外相关制度的借鉴后，认为“谁行为，谁被告”中的“行为”不应是“行政行为”，而是只要是具有社公共管理职能的组织作出的行为即可以，这类似于英国司法审查中只要是具有“公共职能行为”即可以。近些年，对于行政诉讼被告确认标准的重新定位的理论探讨逐渐增多，其中多数人认为应以“谁行为，谁被告”作为新的确认标准。“谁行为，谁被告”作为行政诉讼被告的确认标准，，不再需要去确认实施者背后的行政主体。这样的标准才是真正意义上的行政诉讼被告的确认标准，作为诉讼程序的诉讼主体与实体意义上的行政主体相分离，获得了真正的程序主体应有的价值。
[Abstract]:One of the basic functions of the law is to make human beings numerous and diverse, and to achieve a certain degree of reasonable order in their different behaviors and relationships. And promulgates rules of conduct or standards of conduct applicable to certain acts that should be restricted or prohibited. In order to accomplish this task, the legal system must form some legal standards which can help to classify the various phenomena and events in social life. This lays the foundation for adjusting or dealing with the same or basically similar phenomena. Therefore, legal standards can be regarded as tools for identifying concrete objects pointed to by abstract legal norms in a concise manner. In view of the appearance of defendant in administrative litigation, this legal standard is called "defendant confirmation Standard in Administrative Litigation", and the purpose of its existence is to identify defendant which is suitable for administrative cases. The confirmation standard of defendant in administrative litigation in our country is "who is the main body and who is defendant", that is, "who is the administrative subject and who is defendant". This is the administrative subject as the appropriate criteria for defendant, is the administrative subject of the affirmation can be defendant administrative proceedings, on the other hand, not administrative subjects must not be defendant administrative proceedings. However, for a long time, with such administrative subjects to determine the administrative case defendant's standard, although in a certain period of time for the development of the administrative litigation system, but with the deepening of the concept of public service, with the development of public administration, A large number of organizations exercising public functions appear, and the simple use of "administrative subject" as the standard for determining administrative litigation defendant can no longer meet the needs of the development of society, and even has become a hindrance to the healthy development of administrative litigation system. Based on this, this paper puts forward "who acts, who defendant" as the new confirmation standard after discussing the basic theory of the confirmation standard of defendant in administrative litigation and the disadvantages of the existing standard of "who is the subject and who defendant". And after drawing lessons from the relevant extraterritorial system, the author thinks that the "behavior" in "who acts, who defendant" should not be "administrative acts", but as long as they are acts made by organizations that have the function of public administration of cooperatives. This is similar to the British judicial review as long as there is a "public functional conduct" can be. In recent years, the theoretical discussion on the reorientation of the confirmation standard of defendant in administrative litigation has gradually increased, and most of them think that "who acts and who defendant" should be taken as the new confirmation standard. "who acts, who defendant" as the confirmation standard of defendant in administrative litigation, no longer need to confirm the administrative subject behind the implementers. This standard is the confirmation standard of defendant in the real sense of administrative litigation. As the litigation subject of the litigation procedure is separated from the administrative subject in the substantive sense, the real procedural subject has gained the value that the real procedural subject should have.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D925.3

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