清代救灾体制转换与公共管理近代转型——效能分析与基层案例比较

发布时间：2019-07-04 12:43

【摘要】：通过对乾隆江苏如皋饥疫的恶性案例、光绪山东惠民水灾的良性案例与宣统直隶保定新法防疫三个清代救灾案例的比较考察,可以看出由救灾体制所代表的社会危机公共管理体制,在清中后期,伴随社会变动而经历了从传统模式向近代模式的转换。这一转型过程表明,体制性质而非官员素质是决定救灾效能的决定因素,体制组织化是社会公共管理的制度保障,官民力量的整合,使救灾成为集中全社会力量共同进行的公共事业,因而使救灾效能比较显著。这是社会管理制度近代转型的体现。可见清末"社会救助中封建国家的作用"并未下降,反而在体制转型中更加开放、多元、强化而有效。救灾体制转换所显示的效能示范,彰显了新式救灾体制的优势,促进了社会公共管理模式的近代转型。
[Abstract]:Through the comparative investigation of the malignant case of Rugao hunger and epidemic in Qianlong Jiangsu Province, the benign case of Guang Xu Huimin flood in Shandong Province and the three disaster relief cases of Baoding New Law in Xuantong Zhili in Qing Dynasty, we can see that the public management system of social crisis represented by the disaster relief system experienced the transformation from the traditional mode to the modern mode with the social change in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. This transformation process shows that the nature of the system, not the quality of officials, is the decisive factor to determine the effectiveness of disaster relief, the organization of the system is the institutional guarantee of social public management, and the integration of the forces of the government and the people makes disaster relief become a public utility that centralizes the forces of the whole society, so that the effectiveness of disaster relief is more remarkable. This is the embodiment of the modern transformation of the social management system. It can be seen that the role of feudal state in social assistance did not decline at the end of Qing Dynasty, but it was more open, pluralistic, strengthened and effective in the process of institutional transformation. The efficiency demonstration shown by the transformation of disaster relief system highlights the advantages of the new disaster relief system and promotes the modern transformation of social and public management mode.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代历史研究所;
【分类号】：D691

【共引文献】