库存不精确情形下的鲁棒集成补货、生产控制及分销策略

发布时间：2018-04-01 04:19

本文选题：生产/库存/分销系统　切入点：库存不精确　出处：《东南大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：完整的生产/库存/分销系统控制通常分为三个主要环节:原材料库存管理、生产控制及分销调度。这三个环节分别包含原材料库存、在制品库存和成品库存。而库存不精确(库存记录与真实库存的不符)在上述三个环节均客观存在。库存不精确给物料需求计划系统和供应链管理系统的运行带来了不利影响,进而带来了成本的增加和收益的减少。因此,本论文将研究一种鲁棒集成补货、生产控制和分销策略来克服库存不精确对生产/库存/分销系统三个主要环节带来的负面影响。本文的主要内容概括如下:1.针对考虑补货时延和库存不精确的原材料库存系统,研究了鲁棒补货问题。该问题以最小化库存成本、缺货成本和物料运输成本为目标。首先给出了用于估计真实库存概率分布的递归算法。在库存水平概率分布的基础上,提出了一种鲁棒再订货时间/再订货量策略(RTQ策略)。文中的理论分析和数值实验结果揭示了如下结论和管理学启示:(1)如果存在不可见的库存损失及由此带来的不精确的库存记录,在经典策略(r,0)策略,(R,S)策略,(s,S)策略)控制下,将会在有限时间内陷入零服务状态(库存水平以概率1小于或等于零);如果库存损失的概率分布已知,在所提出的RTQ策略下,即使不进行盘点,系统也不会陷入零服务状态且会保持较高的服务水平;(2)如果库存记录是精确的,则RTQ策略是近似优的,其性能与最优参数下的(r,Q)策略非常接近。(3)为克服库存系统中库存不精确带来的负面影响,除了盘点和部署射频识别设备(RFID),也可采用鲁棒补货策略,这样不会增加人力或硬件部署和维护的成本。2.针对在制品及成品库存不精确的生产系统,研究了多机器多品种制造系统的鲁棒生产控制问题。该问题以最小化在制品和成品的库存成本以及成品的缺货成本为目标。该问题分以下两步解决:首先,在库存水平精确可知的假设下,根据动态规划原理推导出了简化的最优生产控制策略(简化策略);基于该控制策略的结构特征和真实库存水平条件概率分布,为克服库存不精确对生产控制的负面影响,提出了一种基于在制品及成品库存水平的条件数学期望的鲁棒生产控制策略(鲁棒策略)。数值仿真实验将简化策略和所提出的鲁棒策略在各自的最优参数下进行了对比。结果表明,鲁棒策略的性能总是优于简化策略。最后对两种策略关于库存误差分布参数、机器故障率等系统参数进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明,在不同的系统参数下,所提出的鲁棒策略都优于简化策略。本问题的研究结果表明,在生产控制中,即使在制品种类多,且数量持续变化难以跟踪,鲁棒控制策略仍能有效减小库存不精确带来的负面影响。3.针对考虑补货时延和库存不精确的分销系统,研究了鲁棒库存路径问题(Inventory routing problem,IRP)。与传统IRP问题不同的是,我们考虑了补货时延,而各零售商的补货时延由分销路径决定,因此补货量决策和路径决策相互耦合。为解决此问题,首先研究了库存精确情形下考虑补货时延的IRP问题。以一个供应商两个零售商的简单情形为研究对象,证明了该问题的最优库存路径策略结构为切换曲线类型,状态(零售商的库存位势)空间被切换曲线划分为多个区域,每个区域对应各自的最优补货路线及最优订至点(order-up-to-level)。根据最优策略的结构,针对现实规模的分销系统,提出了一种启发式策略并给出了算例来说明该策略的可行性。其次研究了考虑库存不精确和补货时延的IRP问题。该问题的解决分为三层:路径优化层(产生和优化待选路径),补货量优化层(对每条待选路径,优化补货量),路径评估层(对每条路径的性能指标进行评估)。提出了一种鲁棒再订货时间/阶段长度/再订货量算法来优化补货时间、补货量。最后,提出了一种基于遗传算法的路径决策方法。4.针对考虑库存不精确的补货/生产/分销系统,研究了鲁棒集成补货、生产控制及分销问题。为解决此问题,首先建立了系统完整的数学模型,并在前述工作的基础上构建了集成鲁棒补货/生产/分销控制策略。通过递归估计的未来周期零售终端库存水平的概率分布预测下次配送的时间和所需的配送量,以此作为生产环节下一阶段的生产目标。证明了该种情形的最优生产控制策略为{0,μ}控制,即若开始生产就以最大生产率来生产。在生产环节,使用基于仿真的方法优化最佳生产开始时间和各周期对各种原材料需求的概率分布,以此作为原材料库存控制环节进行原材料补货的依据。数值实验验证了该策略的可行性。通过对库存不精确程度的灵敏度分析,我们发现在该策略的控制下,当各环节库存不精确程度的变化时,虽然控制策略的参数随之变化,但各环节的服务水平保持不变,体现了策略较好的鲁棒性。对于关于库存不精确问题的研究,本文的主要贡献是:(1)将库存不精确情形下的补货问题从现有的报童模型扩展至考虑固定订货成本和补货时延的一般模型,并提出相应的鲁棒再订货点/再订货量策略;(2)研究了在制品及成品库存不精确情形下的生产控制问题,提出了一种基于在制品及库存水平的条件数学期望的鲁棒生产控制策略。(3)研究了分销过程中成品库存不精确情形下的库存路径问题,考虑了分销过程中运输时延不可忽略的现实因素,证明了最优库存路径策略的结构特征,并提出了鲁棒库存路径策略。(4)研究了库存不精确情形下的补货/生产/分销系统的鲁棒集成控制,提出了鲁棒集成补货/生产/分销控制策略。并通过算例验证了其可行性和鲁棒性。
[Abstract]:Complete production / inventory / distribution control system is usually divided into three major parts: raw materials inventory management, production control and distribution scheduling. These three aspects include the inventory of raw material, WIP and finished goods inventory and inventory inaccuracy (inconsistent inventory records and real stock) in the above three aspects are the objective existence. Adverse effects of inventory inaccuracy to the MRP system and supply chain management system, and reduces the cost and increase the profit. Therefore, this paper will research a robust integrated replenishment, production control and distribution strategies to overcome the inventory inaccuracy of production / inventory / distribution negative impact bring the three main parts of the system. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1.. Considering the inventory of raw materials inventory replenishment system delay and imprecise, studies the robust problem. The problem with replenishment To minimize the inventory cost, shortage cost and transportation cost as the goal. Firstly, a recursive algorithm is used to estimate the real stock probability distribution. Based on the probability distribution of the inventory level, this paper presents a robust reorder time / quantity strategy (RTQ strategy). Theoretical analysis and numerical experiment results in this paper reveals the following conclusions and management implications: (1) if there is no visible inventory loss and the resulting inaccurate inventory records, in the classic strategy (R, 0), (R, S) strategy, (s, S)) under the control strategy will be in zero in finite time state (the inventory level is less than or equal to zero with probability 1); if the known probability distribution of inventory loss, the proposed RTQ strategy, if not for inventory, the system does not fall into the zero state and will maintain a high level of service; (2) if the inventory records are accurate, then RTQ strategy is a better approximation, the performance and the optimal parameters of the (R, Q) strategy is very close. (3) in order to overcome the negative effects in the inventory system inventory inaccuracy brought about, in addition to checking and deployment of RFID equipment (RFID), also can use robust replenishment strategy, so as not to increase human or hardware deployment and the cost of maintenance for the.2. production system, WIP and finished goods inventory not accurate, robust control problem of multi machine production variety manufacturing system. The problem is to minimize the WIP and finished goods inventory cost and shortage cost of finished products as the goal. The problem is divided into the following two steps: first, to solve the inventory level in the accurate under the assumption, according to the dynamic programming principle is derived for the optimal production control policy (simplified simplified strategy); structural features of the control strategy and the real conditions of the probability distribution based on the inventory level, inventory is not to overcome Precise negative impact on production control, put forward a kind of conditional expectation WIP and FG inventory level based on the robust control strategy of production (robust strategy). Numerical simulation results will simplify the strategy and the proposed robust strategies are compared in their respective optimal parameters. The results show that the performance of robust strategy is always better than the simplified strategy. At the end of two strategies about inventory parameter error distribution, machine failure rate and other system parameters are analysed. The results show that the different parameters of the system, the proposed robust strategies are better than the simplified strategy. This research results show that in production control, even in many types, and the number of continuous it is difficult to change tracking, robust control strategy still can effectively reduce the negative impact of inaccurate inventory.3. considering sales and inventory replenishment system delay is not accurate, Research on robust inventory routing problem (Inventory routing, problem, IRP). Different from the traditional IRP problem, we consider the replenishment time delay, and the delay of each retailer's replenishment is decided by the distribution path, so the replenishment quantity decision and decision path coupling. In order to solve this problem, we study the IRP problem considering time delay inventory replenishment the exact circumstances. In a simple case of one supplier and two retailers as the research object, proved that the problem of optimal inventory strategy for path switching curve type structure, state (retailer potential) switching curve space is divided into multiple regions, each region corresponding to their respective optimal replenishment route and optimal order up to (order-up-to-level). According to the structure of the optimal strategy, the distribution system according to the reality of the scale, this paper proposes a heuristic strategy and an example is given to illustrate the feasibility of the strategy. Secondly considering the IRP problem of inventory inaccuracy and replenishment delay. To solve the problem is divided into three layers: the path optimization layer (generation and Optimization for path), the replenishment quantity optimization layer (for each candidate path, optimal replenishment quantity), path evaluation layer (for each path of evaluation index). A robust reorder time / phase length / ordering algorithm to optimize the replenishment time, the replenishment quantity is put forward. Finally, proposes a path based decision method.4. genetic algorithm considering inaccurate inventory replenishment / production / distribution system, the research of robust integrated replenishment, control and distribution problems the production. In order to solve this problem, the first complete mathematical model of the system is established, and the construction of the integrated robust replenishment / production / distribution control strategy on the basis of previous work. Through the recursive estimation of the future cycles of retail terminal inventory probability Prediction of the distribution of delivery time and delivery time required, as the production of the next stage of production goals. Prove that this kind of situation the optimal production control policy for {0, Mu} control, if the production started with the maximum productivity to production. In the process of production, using the method of Yu Fangzhen optimal production base the probability distribution of demand for raw materials and time of each period, as the raw material replenishment of raw material inventory control link basis. Numerical experiments verify the feasibility of the strategy. Through the sensitivity analysis of inventory inaccuracy degree, we found that in the control strategy, when the change of each link inventory is not accurate when, although parameters control strategies change, but all aspects of the service level remained unchanged, reflecting the good robustness of the strategy. For the research on inventory inaccuracy problem, The main contribution of this paper is: (1) the inventory replenishment problem under imprecise newsboy model from the existing extension to consider the general model of fixed ordering cost and replenishment delay, and put forward the corresponding robust reorder point and order quantity strategy; (2) the problem of production control and product inventory of WIP the exact circumstances, put forward a kind of conditional expectation and WIP inventory levels based on the robust control strategy for production. (3) study on the inventory routing problem during the distribution of finished goods inventory inaccuracy situation, considering the practical factors of transport delay can not be ignored in the distribution process, proved that the structural characteristics of the optimal inventory path the strategy, and put forward a robust inventory routing strategy. (4) studied the robust integrated control of inventory inaccuracy situation replenishment / production / distribution system, this paper presents a robust integrated replenishment / production / distribution control The feasibility and robustness of the strategy are verified by an example.

【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F274;TP13

【相似文献】