基于产品召回的供应链追溯与定价策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 06:02

本文选题：追溯策略　切入点：召回成本　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着企业之间的竞争日趋激烈,使得企业纷纷选择全球供应链以及外包策略来保持其竞争力。这一方面给企业带来了成本优势,但同时也给供应链管理中产品召回带来了巨大的挑战,特别是食品与医药供应链。由此供应链追溯策略的研究就显得尤为重要。目前,这方面的研究主要包含两个部分,即追溯策略和召回策略的研究。首先,基于追溯模式以及不同召回策略的角度,针对一个存在原材料污染和产品召回的三级网络供应链,考虑到污染和召回位置以及供应链库存,分别研究了污染发生在供应商和制造商层次时的供应链追溯策略:追溯模式和召回策略的优化决策。然后,基于召回成本的对比分析,决策了网络供应链的最优追溯策略。研究发现:追溯模式的决策存在一个阀值策略,当逐步追溯相对全程追溯越快时,逐步追溯模式越有优势;在追溯能力的决策方面,在供应链下游改善追溯能力比在供应链上游更有优势。其次,基于追溯能力以及定价策略的角度,采用制造商水平的追溯单元大小来衡量追溯能力,同时考虑追溯成本和召回成本,提出了一个非凸线性规划模型来同时优化追溯能力和价格。研究发现,在集中和分散供应链中都存在唯一的最优追溯能力和零售/批发价格使得供应链利润最优。当成本比率(单位追溯成本/单位召回成本)足够大和小时,最优追溯策略为条码追溯和单体追溯。然而,当成本比率大小适中时,随着质量检测水平阈值的增加,最优的追溯能力从批量追溯移动到条码追溯和单体追溯。进一步的研究表明,采用严格的追溯监管政策比采用补贴政策来提高供应链追溯能力更有效。最后,基于追溯能力以及不同召回策略的角度,同时考虑不同层次的召回策略,研究了供应商追溯能力与价格联合优化问题。研究发现,当召回在供应商层次时,根据综合成本比率的大小,供应商选择适当的追溯能力来实现其利润最大化;当召回在制造商层次时,供应商倾向于使用较低水平的追溯能力来优化其利润。因此,本文在供应链追溯策略的决策方面具有重要的管理意义。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly fierce competition among enterprises, enterprises choose global supply chain and outsourcing strategy to maintain their competitiveness.This not only brings cost advantages to enterprises, but also brings great challenges to product recall in supply chain management, especially in food and medicine supply chain.Therefore, the research of supply chain tracing strategy is particularly important.At present, this research mainly includes two parts, that is, traceability strategy and recall strategy.First of all, based on the traceability model and different recall strategies, considering the location of pollution and recall and supply chain inventory, a three-level network supply chain with raw material pollution and product recall is considered.The traceability strategy of supply chain in which pollution occurs at the supplier and manufacturer levels is studied respectively: the optimal decision of traceability model and recall strategy.Then, based on the comparative analysis of recall cost, the optimal traceability strategy of network supply chain is determined.The study found that there is a threshold strategy for the decision of the traceability model. When the gradual traceability is faster than the total traceability, the stepwise traceability model has more advantages; in the decision of traceability,Improving traceability downstream of the supply chain is more advantageous than improving the traceability upstream of the supply chain.Secondly, based on traceability and pricing strategy, traceability is measured by manufacturer level traceability unit size, taking into account traceability costs and recall costs.A nonconvex linear programming model is proposed to optimize both traceability and price.It is found that there is a unique optimal traceability and retail / wholesale price in both centralized and decentralized supply chains that make the supply chain profit optimal.When the cost ratio (unit traceback cost / unit recall cost) is large enough and hours, the optimal traceability strategy is bar code traceability and single traceability.However, when the cost ratio is moderate, the optimal traceability moves from batch traceability to barcode traceability and single traceability as the threshold of quality detection level increases.Further research has shown that strict retroactive regulation is more effective than subsidies to improve supply chain traceability.Finally, based on traceability and different recall strategies, and considering different levels of recall strategies, the joint optimization of supplier traceability and price is studied.The study found that when the recall is at the supplier level, the supplier chooses the appropriate traceability to maximize its profit based on the size of the integrated cost ratio, and when the recall is at the manufacturer level,Suppliers tend to use lower levels of traceability to optimize their profits.Therefore, this paper has the important management significance in the supply chain traceability strategy decision.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274

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