供应链上以供应商为运输主体的批量模型研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 15:19

本文选题：批量模型 + 运输成本　；参考：《西安工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,随着知识经济时代的到来,市场竞争的动态化、全球化趋势使得市场的竞争不再是企业与企业之间的竞争,而是供应链与供应链之间的竞争。供应链理论的兴起和其实践的发展使得企业过去那种从设计、制造直到销售都是自营模式的传统成本管理方式已不能适应竞争的要求,进而形成的是在全球范围内与供应商、销售商建立合作伙伴关系,形成一种长期的战略联盟,结成利益共同体,共同创造企业利润。与此同时,这也为企业降低采购成本提供了新的途径,即建立批量模型不只是单单考虑某一方的利益,而是在考虑合作双方共同利益的前提下进行。传统供应链中采购商一般处于主导地位,双方的运输批量决策由采购商来决定,而供应商只是在采购商已做决策的条件下进行生产,但实际中以供应商来决策运输批量可能更有利于双方的长期合作并获取更多利益,因为这样会使得供应商能够合理安排生产,提高运输的灵活性。基于此,本文从供应商角度出发,在国内外相关研究的基础上,针对由个供应商和一个采购商所组成的两层供应链,在考虑运输成本的情况下,从供应链的整体利益出发去建立一个供需双方之间的运输批量模型,对供需双方之间的供货批量进行优化,以此来降低供需双方的成本,节省双方成本的同时也促进了供需双方进一步的合作。本文从供应链相关理论出发,并以供应商为运输主体对供应链上各节点企业间在长期合作的前提下的相关成本进行分析,对供应链管理及运输批量模型及供应链上供需关系协调等相关问题的国内外研究进行了总结。针对供需双方长期合作的供货批量模型问题,通过先建立一个单考虑供应商利益的单个批量模型,在此种情况下,采购商处于被动的地位,在供应商节省成本的同时,采购商的成本增加,不利于双方的长期合作。基于此,再通过建立一个考虑供需双方的综合批量模型来达到降低供应链成本的目的,尽管综合批量模型有效地降低了供应链整体的成本,但采购商的成本反而增加,针对此,建立了一个利益分享的机制,以确保供需双方能够公平享受因合作而带来的利益。对所建模型进行分析与求解,得到的主要结果如下：第一,合作后供需双方总成本比合作前成本降低,也就是说依据考虑供需双方利益所建立的模型进行批量的运输会使得供应链上的总成本降低。第二,合作后供应商总成本比合作前所建模型成本升高,由此在供应链总成本和采购商成本降低的同时建立了利益分享机制,使得供应链及其供应链上供应商和采购商同时能够达到成本的节约。第三,合作后采购商总成本比合作前所建成本降低,同样利用优化后的考虑双方利益所建立的模型进行双方的运输决策能够降低采购商的总的成本。第四,确定了经济订货批量的一个范围,用于提高实际生产活动的灵活性,使得供需双方在节省成本的同时能够更加灵活的安排生产和运输。最后,以某木业公司为例,对综合批量模型进行了应用。结果表明,与木业公司传统供货方法相比,利用本论文模型计算得出的供货批量能够有效降低供应链总成本。利益分享机制的建立,有效防止了采购商成本增加问题,使供需双方的相关成本降低率趋于一致,更进一步加强了双方的合作关系。这说明,本文的结果不仅具有一定的理论意义,而且具有较强的实际价值。
[Abstract]:Since the twenty-first Century, with the advent of the era of knowledge economy, the dynamic of market competition and the trend of globalization make the market competition no longer the competition between enterprises and enterprises, but the competition between supply chain and supply chain. The rise of supply chain theory and the development of its practice make the enterprise of the past from design, manufacture to sales. The traditional cost management mode of self-management model can not meet the requirements of competition, and then forms a partnership with suppliers and distributors worldwide, forms a long-term strategic alliance, forms a community of interests, and co creates corporate profits. At the same time, this also provides a new way for enterprises to reduce the cost of purchasing. The way to build a lot size model is not only to consider the interests of one party, but also to consider the common interests of both parties.
In the traditional supply chain, the buyer is generally in the dominant position, and the transportation batch decision is decided by the buyer, and the supplier is only produced under the condition that the buyer has made the decision. Based on the supplier and a buyer's two layer supply chain, this paper, based on the supplier's perspective and on the basis of relevant research at home and abroad, establishes a supply and demand side from the overall interest of the supply chain, considering the transportation cost. The transport batch model between the suppliers and the suppliers is optimized to reduce the cost of supply and demand, save the cost of both parties and promote further cooperation between the supply and demand sides.
In this paper, based on the theory of supply chain, this paper analyzes the related cost of each node in the supply chain under the premise of long-term cooperation, and summarizes the domestic and foreign research on supply chain management and transportation batch model and supply chain relationship coordination.
In this case, the buyer is in a passive position in this case, in this case, the buyer is in a passive position. At the same time, the cost of the supplier is saved and the buyer's cost is increased, which is not conducive to the long-term cooperation between the two parties. Considering the comprehensive batch model of both suppliers and suppliers to reduce the cost of supply chain, although the integrated batch model effectively reduces the overall cost of the supply chain, the cost of the buyer is increasing. The main results are as follows:
First, the total cost of the supply and demand is lower than the cost before cooperation, that is to say, the mass transportation will reduce the total cost on the supply chain according to the model which is set up by the interests of both suppliers and suppliers.
Second, the total cost of the supplier is higher than that of the model before the cooperation, thus the benefit sharing mechanism is established at the same time that the total cost of the supply chain and the buyer's cost are reduced, which makes the suppliers and purchasers in the supply chain and the supply chain at the same time achieve the cost savings.
Third, after cooperation, the total cost of the buyer is lower than the cost before the cooperation. It can also reduce the total cost of the buyer by using the optimized model to carry out the two parties' transportation decision.
Fourth, the scope of the economic order batch is determined to improve the flexibility of the actual production activities, making the two sides more flexible in arranging production and transportation while saving the cost.
Finally, taking a wooden company as an example, the comprehensive batch model is applied. The result shows that compared with the traditional supply method of wood industry, the supply lot quantity can effectively reduce the total supply chain cost. The establishment of benefit sharing mechanism effectively prevents the buyer from increasing the cost of the buyer and makes the supply and demand of both parties. The rate of cost reduction tends to be consistent and further strengthens the cooperation relationship between the two sides. This shows that the results of this paper not only have a certain theoretical significance, but also have a strong practical value.
【学位授予单位】：西安工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F274

【参考文献】