库布齐沙漠土地荒漠化动态变化与旅游开发研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 10:09

本文关键词： 荒漠化库布齐沙漠沙漠旅游规划沙产业　出处：《中国科学院研究生院（教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心）》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 荒漠化是当今人类社会共同面临的一个重大环境问题。库布齐沙漠地区历史上曾经是森林茂密,草原肥美之地,由于战乱和滥砍、滥垦、滥牧,原始植被遭到破坏,造成当地荒漠化日益严重。日益扩大的荒漠化问题是制约区域经济发展的主要生态问题,也是造成环境恶化、农牧民生活贫困的重要原因。虽然国家十分重视这一地区的荒漠化防治工作,经过多年不懈的努力,取得了一定的成果,但由于人口过多,牲畜超载,管理不力等原因,荒漠化问题依旧严峻。库布齐沙漠地区是生态脆弱区,也是经济欠发达区域和少数民族分布区,该区域能否得到很好发展,不但关系到农民的脱贫致富,更关系到区域环境改善、民族团结和社会稳定。认真调查研究本区荒漠化分布现状和动态变化趋势,对于荒漠化治理,具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文以库布齐沙漠地区荒漠化研究对象,通过调查研究区荒漠化现状及其演变机制和分析总结库布齐沙漠地区荒漠化治理途径及其存在的问题,结果表明库布齐沙漠地区生态脆弱、环境容量小,频繁的人类活动干扰,加速了沙漠生态系统的退化。为了从根本上治理治理荒漠问题、巩固治理成果,除了一般的工程、生物措施外,还需要消除不合理人类活动产生的根源,维持生态系统与人文环境的动态平衡,沙漠旅游作为一种可持续发展的途径,对于研究区的荒漠化治理具有积极的意义。取得的主要研究结果如下: (1)在对研究区地质、地貌、土壤、气候、水文、植被资料的收集、整理、分析基础上,认为库布齐沙漠地区的地质地貌条件、土壤类型、气候状况、水文条件决定了其生态环境的脆弱性,极易发生荒漠化。通过对最近18年来研究区的十个时相的TM影像数据的解译,得到了研究区不同时段的荒漠化等级分布图。从荒漠化面积变化、荒漠化发展速率、荒漠化转移特征、荒漠化等级的空间变化等方面分析了研究区荒漠化的动态变化。结果表明从1989年以来荒漠化总面积减少的趋势很明显,荒漠化防治成效显著,2002年达到最低值(77.89%)后,在研究区自然条件未发生较大变化的情况下,荒漠化出现了反复现象,2007年荒漠化面积再次上升到83.72%。通过对荒漠化等级的空间变化分析,发现黄河沿岸大部分地区荒漠化趋势得到了逆转,而研究区南部沙漠腹地、人口密度较大的东南部以及海子周边荒漠化程度有所增大,人类不合理的经营行为,使得一些已经得到治理的荒漠化土地重新退化为荒漠化土地。 (2)通过分析研究区的治沙产业现状及其存在的问题,探索了以发展旅游业开发治理荒漠的治沙产业模式,认为发展旅游业可以促进研究区产业结构优化、创造新的就业机会,解决当地居民就业生存等方面的困难,为荒漠化治理提供资金,维持荒漠化治理成果,从而促进生态建设,以生态建设带动旅游业,通过对荒漠区旅游资源的限制性开发,让沙漠、湿地旅游成为保护自然环境与经济发展的新式治沙的双赢产业,从而实现区域经济可持续发展。 (3)依据景观生态学理论、美学理论、生态经济学理论和可持续发展理论对研究区沙漠生态旅游资源优势和发展前景进行了分析评价。在系统调查的基础上,建立了研究区旅游规划空间数据库,运用层次分析法,对库布奇沙漠地区的七星湖景区进行了旅游资源的评价。采用SWOT分析法对旅游区的区域旅游业资源优势、区位优势、旅游业发展的机遇和挑战、开发建设条件进行了综合分析和评价;借助GIS的空间分析和网络分析工具,采用空间距离递减规律、旅游竞争态和引力模型,对景区的客源市场进行了等级划分,进而结合统计资料,对客源市场的分布和规模进行了预测。 (4)在上述分析评价基础上,将公园定位为世界一流的沙漠会展度假目的地与体育竞技胜地,以及世界级的沙漠综合治理数字化示范园区。再结合景区的地形状况、旅游资源分布特点、交通区位、目标市场等因素,综合考虑景区的战略开发模式,对景区进行空间格局区划后,又对不同发展定位的区域进行了分区规划和重点支撑项目的概念性规划研究,最后提出了实现景区可持续发展的监控措施。
[Abstract]:Desertification is a serious environmental problem in the human society. The Kubuqi Desert in history was the dense forest and grassland. Because of the war and denudation, estrepement, overgrazing, the original vegetation is destroyed, resulting in severe desertification. Growing desertification is the main ecological problems restricting regional the economic development, but also caused the deterioration of the environment, an important reason for farmers and herdsmen living in poverty. Although the country attaches great importance to the prevention and control of desertification in the region, after years of unremitting efforts, has made some achievements, but because of overpopulation, livestock overloading, poor management and other reasons, the desertification problem is still grim. The desert area is ecologically fragile areas, but also economically underdeveloped areas and ethnic distribution area, the area can get a very good development, not only in relation to the farmers out of poverty, but also To improve the regional environment, ethnic unity and social stability. To study the distribution of desertification status and dynamic trend for desertification control has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the research object of Kubuqi Desert desertification area, through the investigation and Research on current situation of desert and its evolution mechanism and analysis of Kubuqi Desert area control of desertification and its problems, the results showed that the ecological fragile area in Kubuqi Desert, small environmental capacity, frequent human disturbance, accelerated the degradation of desert ecosystem. As the desert governance problem fundamentally, consolidate the results of governance, in addition to the general engineering and biological measures, also need not eliminate root causes rational human activities, maintain the dynamic balance of ecological system and human environment, desert tourism as a sustainable development path for the research. The desertification control in the study area is of positive significance. The main results obtained are as follows:
(1) in the study area geology, geomorphology, soil, climate, hydrology, vegetation data collection, collation, analysis, that the geological and geomorphological conditions, Kubuqi Desert Area Soil type, climatic conditions, hydrological conditions determine the vulnerability of its ecological environment, vulnerable to desertification. The last 18 ten years of the study area TM by image data interpretation, the desertification grade distribution in different periods of the study area. The area changes from the desert, desertification rate, desertification transfer characteristics, desertification level change and other aspects of the study on the dynamic change of Desertification since 1989. The results show that the total desertification area decreased obviously, desertification control effect, 2002 reached its lowest value (77.89%), under natural conditions in the study area did not change under the condition of desertification phenomenon appeared repeatedly, In 2007, the desertification area up to 83.72%. through the spatial changes of desertification grade analysis, found the desertification trend in most areas along the coast of the Yellow River has been reversed, and the study of the southern region of the desert hinterland, the high population density in the southeast and the surrounding Haizi desertification degree increased, the unreasonable human activities, some have been made land desertification of the land for re degraded desert.
(2) the situation of sand industry analysis of the study area and the existing problems, explore the development of tourism development in the desert sand industry model, that the development of the tourism industry can promote the study area industrial structure optimization, creating new employment opportunities, solve local residents industry survival difficulties, to provide funding for Desertification governance, maintain control of desertification results, so as to promote ecological construction, promote tourism in ecological construction, through the development of tourism resources, restrictions on the desert area to the desert, wetland tourism has become the new sand to protect the natural environment and economic development win-win industry, so as to realize the sustainable development of the regional economy.
(3) on the basis of landscape ecology theory, aesthetic theory, ecological economics theory and the theory of sustainable development of ecological tourism resources in the study area desert advantages and development prospects are analyzed. On the basis of systematic investigation and study, establish the space tourism planning research area database, using the analytic hierarchy process, the evaluation of tourism resources in the library of Kubuqi Desert Seven Star Lake scenic area. By SWOT analysis of the tourism area of regional tourism resources, geographical advantages, the development of the tourism industry opportunities and challenges, the development and construction conditions of the comprehensive analysis and evaluation; with the help of GIS spatial analysis and network analysis tools, using the law of diminishing spatial distance, tourism competition and gravity model and the tourist market was classified, and then combined with the statistical data, the distribution and scale of tourist market is predicted.
(4) based on the above analysis and evaluation, the park is positioned as a world-class desert exhibition and athletic resorts, as well as a world-class comprehensive digital desert demonstration park. Combined with the scenic terrain, resources distribution, tourism traffic location, target market and other factors, considering the park's strategic development model, the spatial pattern of regionalization on the scenic spots, and studied the conceptual planning and zoning and key projects for different regions, and finally put forward the control measures to achieve the sustainable development of the scenic area.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：P931.3

【引证文献】