基于SCP理论的西安市公共交通行业绩效研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 00:15

本文选题：城市公共交通行业　切入点：市场结构　出处：《长安大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市公共交通是城市发展的重要载体,是人们基本出行不可或缺的重要工具,在人们生产生活当中其作用不言而喻。改革开放30年来,我国经济迅速发展,人民生活水平不断提高,我国城市公共交通行业在政府政策的扶持下也得到了快速发展。但是在该行业发展过程中,逐渐暴露的城市公交服务水平低、运营效率不高、有效竞争不充分、企业亏损严重等矛盾和问题不容忽视。在此背景下,本文从产业组织角度出发,以西安市公共交通行业为研究对象,以产业组织理论中的SCP范式为基本框架,考察西安市公共交通行业的产业组织状况。在市场结构方面,本文主要从市场集中度、产品差异化、进入壁垒方面进行了具体的分析;在市场行为方面,本文主要对西安市公共交通行业的非价格行为进行了考察;在市场绩效评价方面,本文通过总结前人研究经验、结合公交公司实际经营状况,建立了一套较为完善的公交企业运营效果评价的指标体系,并在对各种绩效评价方法优缺点分析的基础上,最终确定了数据包络分析法(DEA)。最后选取西安市14家公交企业作为决策单元,对各公交企业的总体效率、规模效率、纯技术效率进行了具体的计算。在此基础上得出结论:目前西安市公共交通行业市场集中度极高,产品差异化程度较低,进入壁垒高,是一个典型的极高寡占型的市场结构;企业价格行为较为被动,亏损严重,缺乏提供高质量公共交通服务的积极性;市场上企业实体众多,但大规模企业少之又少,规模经济效应难以实现,同时部分公交企业不能充分利用现代化的高新技术提高自身经营管理水平,行业综合效率还有待于进一步提升。最后在对西安市公交行业发展现状分析,借鉴国外城市公交行业先进管理经验的基础上,从政府层面及企业自身层面提出了一些意见和建议:创造有利于行业发展的市场竞争环境,推进产业重组、实现规模化经营,完善公交票价制定与调整机制,用合同规范公交企业的服务质量,加大政府监管职能,改善企业内部管理等政策,为西安市公交行业的发展提供动力。
[Abstract]:Urban public transport is an important carrier of urban development and an indispensable tool for people's basic travel. It plays a self-evident role in people's production and life. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly. With the support of government policy, the urban public transport industry in China has been developing rapidly, but in the process of the development of the industry, the level of urban public transport service is low and the operation efficiency is not high. The contradictions and problems, such as insufficient effective competition and serious loss of enterprises, can not be ignored. Under this background, from the angle of industrial organization, this paper takes the Xi'an public transportation industry as the research object, and takes the SCP paradigm in industrial organization theory as the basic framework. In terms of market structure, this paper mainly analyzes the market concentration, product differentiation and entry barriers. This paper mainly investigates the non-price behavior of Xi'an public transportation industry. In the aspect of market performance evaluation, this paper summarizes the previous research experience, combined with the actual operating situation of public transport companies. This paper establishes a set of relatively perfect index system for evaluating the operation effect of public transport enterprises, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various performance evaluation methods. Finally, the data envelopment analysis method is determined. Finally, 14 public transport enterprises in Xi'an are selected as decision-making units, and the overall efficiency and scale efficiency of each public transport enterprise are analyzed. On the basis of the calculation of pure technical efficiency, it is concluded that the market concentration of Xi'an public transportation industry is very high, the degree of product differentiation is relatively low, and the barrier to entry is high, which is a typical market structure of extremely high oligopoly; The price behavior of enterprises is relatively passive, the losses are serious, and they lack the enthusiasm to provide high-quality public transport services. There are many business entities in the market, but there are very few large-scale enterprises, so it is difficult to realize the effect of economies of scale. At the same time, some public transport enterprises can not make full use of modern high and new technology to improve their own management level, and the comprehensive efficiency of the industry still needs to be further improved. Finally, this paper analyzes the current situation of the development of the public transport industry in Xi'an. Based on the advanced management experience of foreign urban transit industry, this paper puts forward some opinions and suggestions from the level of government and enterprise: to create a market competitive environment conducive to the development of the industry, to promote industrial restructuring, and to realize large-scale management. Perfecting the mechanism of making and adjusting public transport fares, standardizing the service quality of public transport enterprises with contracts, strengthening the functions of government supervision and improving the internal management of enterprises, etc., will provide impetus for the development of Xi'an public transport industry.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F572.88;F570.5

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